How to Make a DNA Model out of Candy

There are many common materials you can use to form the double helix shape of DNA. Its easy to make a DNA model out of candy. Heres how a candy DNA molecule is constructed. Once youve completed the science project, you can eat your model as a snack. Key Takeaways: Candy DNA Model Candy is a fun and edible construction material that is perfect for making a model of DNA.The key ingredients are a rope-like candy to serve as the DNA backbone and gummy candies to act as the bases.A good DNA model shows base pair bonding (adenine to thymine; guanine to cytosine) and the double helix shape of the DNA molecule. Smaller candies may be used to add more detail to the model. The Structure of DNA In order to construct a model of DNA, you need to know what it looks like. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule shaped like a twisted ladder or double helix. The sides of the ladder are the DNA backbone, made up of repeating units of a pentose sugar (deoxyribose) bonded to a phosphate group. The rungs of the ladder are the bases or nucleotides adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. The ladder is twisted slightly to make a helix shape. Candy DNA Model Materials You have several options here. Basically, you need 1-2 colors of rope-like candy for the backbone. Licorice is good, but you can find gum or fruit sold in strips, too. Use four different colors of soft candy for the bases. Good choices include colored marshmallows and gumdrops. Just be sure to choose a candy you can puncture using a toothpick. LicoriceSmall colored marshmallows or gummy candy (4 different colors)Toothpicks Construct the DNA Molecule Model Assign a base to a candy color. You need exactly four colors of candies, which will correspond to adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. If you have extra colors, you can eat them.Pair up the candies. Adenine binds to thymine. Guanine binds to cytosine. The bases do not bond to any others! For example, adenine never bonds to itself or to guanine or cytosine. Connect the candies by pushing a matched pair of them next to each other in the middle of a toothpick.Attach the pointy ends of the toothpicks to licorice strands, to form a ladder shape.If you like, you can twist the licorice to show how the ladder forms a double helix. Twist the ladder counterclockwise to make a helix like the one that occurs in living organisms. The candy helix will unravel unless you use toothpicks to hold the top and bottom of the ladder to cardboard or polystyrene foam. DNA Model Options If you like, you can cut pieces of red and black licorice to make a more detailed backbone. One color is the phosphate group, while the other is the pentose sugar. If you choose to use this method, cut the licorice into 3 pieces and alternate colors on a string or pipecleaner. The candy needs to be hollow, so licorice is the best choice for this variation of the model. Attach bases to the pentose sugar parts of the backbone. Its helpful to make a key to explain the parts of the model. Either draw and label the model on paper or attach candies to cardboard and label them. Quick DNA Facts DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are nucleic acids, an important class of biological molecules.DNA is the blueprint or code for all of the proteins formed in an organism. For this reason, it is also called the genetic code.New DNA molecules are made by breaking the ladder shape of DNA down the middle and filling in the missing pieces to make 2 molecules. This process is called transcription.DNA makes proteins through a process called translation. In translation, the information from DNA is used to make RNA, which goes to the ribosomes of a cell to make amino acids, which are joined to make polypeptides and proteins. Making a DNA model isnt the only science project you can do using candy. Use extra materials to try other experiments!

Genetic Engineering The Uncertain Future - 2161 Words

Genetics: The Uncertain Future Is Near Janio A Perez Rutgers Newark SN EOF August 1st, 2014 Abstract Genetic engineering is looked as a future technology but the future is fast approaching. There are many benefits of genetic engineering, such as curing diseases and creating a more intelligent population, but there are also dangers of genetic engineering, such as disrupting the human genome, and creating more social imbalance. Genetic engineering has been tested and proven to be effective in repairing or replacing defective genes but it can also be easily misused and abused to create a society in which kids are given the upper hand due to their economic status. There are also ethical reason against genetic engineering because of the unsafe, untested, and experimental methods scientists would use to genetically engineer a human. The technology is advancing, and genetic engineering could be a huge medical breakthrough but, there is no one to set limits on this new technology which makes it vulnerable to misuse and abuse by wealthy people who could afford to get their child genetically engineered. Keywords: Genetics, Genetic Engineering, Society, Ethics, Disease, Control, Children, Parents, Genome, Technology, Health. Genetics: The Future Is Near Genetic Engineering is defined as the group of applied techniques of genetics and biotechnology used to cut up and join together genetic material and especially DNA from one or more species of organism and to introduce theShow MoreRelatedGenetic Modification Is The Transfer Of An Organism s Genes? Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many challenges with genetic modification. Genetic modification is the transfer of an organism’s DNA from one organism to another using biological techniques. Along with the addition of new genes, it also requires the changing or replacing of an organism’s DNA. These are some of the techniques that scientists use to genetically modify an organism’s specific traits. Questions like â€Å"Are humans able to alter an organism’s genes?† or â€Å"How much will it cost?† will be asked. Most of theRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Genetic Modification Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic modification is a scient ific advancement with lots of possibilities. The most compelling argument for genetic engineering is to improve the health of society. Simple genetic mutations can easily affect one’s health. If there are effective and efficient methods to cure this, shouldn’t we do so? Or should we object to this? On what grounds? When it is, after all, the logical next step to medical advancement. It has the potential to save thousands of people from diseased lives and early deathRead MoreEssay on Genetic Enhancement is Unethical 1600 Words   |  7 Pagesscenario, but it may not be too far off in the future. Designing babies using genetic enhancement is an issue that is gaining more and more attention in the news. This controversial issue, once thought to be only possible in the realm of science-fiction, is causing people to discuss the moral issues surrounding genetic enhancement and germ line engineering. Though genetic research can prove beneficial to learning how to prevent her editary diseases, the genetic enhancement of human embryos is unethicalRead MoreGenetic Enhancement - Designer Babies1618 Words   |  7 Pagesscenario, but it may not be too far off in the future. Designing babies using genetic enhancement is an issue that is gaining more and more attention in the news. This controversial issue, once thought to be only possible in the realm of science-fiction, is causing people to discuss the moral issues surrounding genetic enhancement and germ line engineering. Though genetic research can prove beneficial to learning how to prevent hereditary diseases, the genetic enhancement of human embryos is unethicalRead MoreEssay about Gattaca (Genetic Engineering) Opinion Piece927 Words   |  4 Pages1:14-15 Imagine being able to control the characteristics of your children, free from any genetic mutations and diseases. Imagine choosing their eye colour, hair colour, IQ, traits, sex. Through the discovery of new methods and the upgrades in technology in today’s world, scientists can choose different features and adjust them to the wants of parents and many people now believe that genetically engineering a baby should be legal. 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Ecological problems may be caused when genetically engineered species are introduced. It may offset the natural balance of a system and may even lead toRead MoreThe Problems Of The World s Population1606 Words   |  7 Pagesthe drastically increasing demand to feed everyone. But just as technology sparked the industrial revolution that initially caused this problem, it has also been responsible for the innovative solutions we’ve created to solve it. For example, genetic engineering has been used as a tool to produce strains that require less nutrients, water and pesticides to grow. These strains also produce bigger yields on less land, and contain a higher nutrient density themselves. In addition, advanced growing techniquesRead MoreBiotechology: Use of Commerical and Agricultural Land1430 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduces new risks to food security, the environment and human health such as loss of biodiversity (Magharri, Mohajer, and Ali). Genetically modified foods could be nefit mankind greatly, as long as the reward outweighs the potential risk involved with genetic modification. Roughly 200 years ago Thomas Malthus proposed a hypothesis in which he believed the human population would continue to grow at such a rate that the human population would outnumber the available food supply (Nayak, Pandey, Ammayappan

Reflective Essay on Students with Disabilities Free Essays

In a presentation about parents and families of students with disabilities, the Riley family came up and shared their experiences about living with Catherine, a woman who has Down syndrome. The three presenters who shared were Molly, Nola, and Catherine. Molly, who is Catherine’s older sister, talked about what it was like growing up together with Catherine and how it affected her life. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Essay on Students with Disabilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nola, Catherine’s mother, told what it was like bringing and raising a child with Down syndrome in this world. Catherine also shared a bit about her life and how she has been successful despite having a disability. Molly and Catherine are sisters who spent their childhood growing up together. With Molly being only sixteen months older than Catherine, they were very close. They even shared a room together for eighteen years of their life. Molly always made sure that her and Catherine had the typical sister relationship growing up. They did everything together and had the same friends. Catherine was expected to fit in with everyone, and not be given excuses. Molly was always a competitive sister which had Catherine constantly working to get an edge. This relationship between Molly and Catherine not only strengthened the bond, but also helped the family. With Molly helping Catherine achieve a normal life, this helped Nola out as a mother. Nola a mother of three children, who worked as a teacher for thirty-five years, always had her hands full. She was never too shy to ask people for help, with regard to Catherine, that provided help, guidance, and support. With physical therapy Catherine was able to learn the things that her sister Molly and brother John were able to do. Besides that, Nola said that the three kids lived a normal life and all grew up just fine. Nola learned and taught her family to be patient, help each other, to take pleasure in their 3 accomplishments, to encourage each other, to have fun, and to truly be a family. Being a teacher gave Nola an advantage as she always fought for anything that would benefit Catherine in her education. Nola had Catherine put into speech therapy which made a great difference in Catherine’s life, as she can now speak clearly with little difficulty. Everything Nola did for Catherine was to benefit her in anyway and help keep her leading as normal of a life as possible. Catherine went above and beyond that as she has excelled in many aspects of her life. Catherine has spent her whole life with Down syndrome yet did not let it slow her down and affect how she lived her life. Her family never held her back or kept her from doing the things she wanted to do. Her sister always had that tough love for Catherine which always forced Catherine to do better and develop just like any normal sibling would. She always had the support of her family while still being independent, which allowed her to grow and develop into who she is today. Catherine has been leading a successful life, doing many things even the average woman her age would not be doing. She is employed as an elementary inclusion aid in the Hazelton Area School District where she has worked since graduating there in 1995. Catherine has belonged to a gym for fifteen years where she does things like cardio, kickboxing, and circuit training exercises. She always strives to eat healthy and maintain a good diet. Her hobbies include poetry, journaling, aerobics, computer, travel, reading, and dancing. Catherine belongs to a local church where she helps out at church functions and serves on the parish. All of these activities and things Catherine does in her life help her not only achieve normalcy 4 in life but success. Her life is probably more active and outgoing than most people her age which makes it even more of an accomplishment for Catherine. I personally was inspired by this presentation and thought it was a real eye opener. I have gone through life thinking people with Down syndrome can not achieve the same things that people without a disability can and that’s just not true. Catherine has proved that she can do anything she wants and can lead a normal life just like anyone else. In fact she probably is more active and outgoing than most women her age are. Also I thought that the presentation really showed that people with disabilities need to be given every opportunity, if not more, to help them succeed in life. Society should not hold them back or limit them just because they have a disability. People with disabilities can lead a normal and great life just like everyone else. This is proved by Catherine, who has developed into the woman she is today, a successful, loving, and friendly woman who just happens to have a disability. How to cite Reflective Essay on Students with Disabilities, Essay examples

BBA for International Journal of Innovation- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBBA for International Journal of Innovation Management. Answer: Introduction This paper discusses how the organizations make use of the off-set team. Face to face teamwork is where individuals in the workplace directly meet with each other in the someplace instead of using other means of communication such as phones, email. Etc. The Impressions Corporation was using face to face then later on changed to the use of the social media to help facilitate there the way of communication (Abdalkhaleq, Tolan and Brown 2017). An example of off-set team work is where the employees of the Impression compressions changed from doing their jobs at home instead of doing them in their offices at their places of work. The use of off-site teamwork in the workplace can benefit organizations in many ways. For example, it lowers costs, enables growth in the organization and prevents interruptions and distractions that are capable of lowering productivity. This paper is divided into different parts. The first part discusses whether the disagreement between two employees of an organ ization can be mended. The second part discusses the mistakes that Craig makes in managing and leading the team. The third part explains the kind of conflicts and how they can be resolved by the HRM and the team manager. The fourth part enlightens the ineffectiveness of the off-set team and how it can be improved (Crowley and Bourke 2017.) How to mend the rift between Allison and Penny The rift between Penny and Allison can be mended by both the HRM and the Team manager. Penny is provoked, Allison is angry. The difficulty is, both Penny and Allison work-site, this creates for their manager who is Craig. The research indicates that not only can a rift team be corrected, but that anyone that participates is responsible for fixing the rift, even without the help of the team Peers or Leader. Craig should first give both the parties enough time of solving their own disputes (Hartley and McGaughey, 2018). The Manager should take action only when the issue cannot be controlled by the two parties, and the rift is interfering with the work of the organization or disrupting the work of other employees. He should identify the causes of the dispute whether it is interpersonal and work-related and possess structural root. The manager should resolve the rift between the two employees without alienating or offending each party. A bad approach by the manager could decrease product ivity, create irreversible barriers and lowers the morale of the two parties. Craig should, therefore, develop the goal of keeping every member focused on solving their disputes and he should not be sidetracked by political and personal issues. Working with difficult employees can be hard. The experienced manager should understand how to differentiate emotions derived from the work when dealing with the issues of the employees (Penwell, Ward, Kirkpatrick, Smith and Abouljoudm 2018). The manager should avoid concentrating on the negative personality of the employee's traits; the smart manager should put their focus on task, results, and projects. Craig should create suitable working environment for both the two parties. He should meet the two parties at the closed door to enables the two parties a chance to share and air in a considered and calm way. Mistakes that Craig make in managing and leading the team and how to solve the mistakes The mistake that Craig makes in managing and leading the team is that he has been working outside the office and this prevents him from monitoring how other members of the organization in the department perform their duties. Craig as the HRM was unable to sign the work to each member (Thompson, Poulston and Neill 2017). Both Allison and Penny have been performing their work without the knowledge of the HRM. This prevents Craig from keeping in touch with the team in his department. To solve the conflict between the two members of the team, Craig as a manager should delegate the duty to each of the members hence this will bring about specialization and prevent future disagreement. Craig should develop a modern set of skills, as well as making use of new techniques and tools. This will enable him as the manager to acquire major management activities of motivating, developing, organizing and sharing with the team (Finnesgard, Pandian, Kendrick and Farley 2018). Type of conflict and how the managers can solve it in the organization The type of conflict evident in the off-set team is the Emotional conflict. This type of conflict occurs due to insecurity, personality conflict, and jealousy (Certo 2018). To resolve the conflict, Maggie and Craig should employ the use of the 5 common styles, or approaches to solving the negative conflict. The five approaches include avoiding, dominating, collaborating, accommodating and compromising (Greer, Schouten and Dannals 2018). Things that portrays that the off-set team is ineffective include: There is low unity of the members, therefore, the members of the group do not have common objectives and the personal feelings of the members are also hidden. To improve the effectiveness in the team, Craig who is the Manager should set a plan with the intention of taking the action by: addressing the issues that cause ineffectiveness with the team, he should also allocate an individual to challenge the ineffective member in the team and the manager should also work with the members of the team to establish a plan of correction (Flythe et.al 2017). The manager should ensure that errant team should be treated with a firm hand and tough-talking is the best option. The manager should, therefore, choose the best solution to solve the problems of the team (Rahim 2017). Conclusion The use of off-set teamwork in the organization is essential as it helps in improving the performance of any firm. The off-set teamwork also allows the members to perform other duties and employees can also work from their home. The off-set teamwork is full of the advantages but if not well managed it can make an organization to be ineffective in its performance. The managers should work together as a group with all the members, encourage and communicate with the entire team for the purpose of fulfilling the set goals. The manager should come up with a workplace that fosters unity, collaboration, and encouragement. Working in groups, team members may sometimes be ineffective which can negatively affect the organization thereby preventing them from improving their performance. References Abdalkhaleq, A., Tolan, M.P. and Brown, B., 2017, November. Organisational and Work Flow Design for Workover Activities in a Giant Mature Oilfield. InSPE Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Certo, S.C., 2018.Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Education. Crowley, F. and Bourke, J., 2017. The influence of human resource management systems on innovation: Evidence from Irish manufacturing and service firms.International Journal of Innovation Management,21(01), p.1750003. Finnesgard, E.J., Pandian, T.K., Kendrick, M.L. and Farley, D.R., 2018. Do not break up the surgical team! Familiarity and expertise affect operative time in complex surgery.The American Journal of Surgery,215(3), pp.447-449. Flythe, J.E., Narendra, J.H., Dorough, A., Oberlander, J., Ordish, A., Wilkie, C. and Dember, L.M., 2017. Perspectives on Research Participation and Facilitation Among Dialysis Patients, Clinic Personnel, and Medical Providers: A Focus Group Study.American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Greer, L.L., de Jong, B.A., Schouten, M.E. and Dannals, J.E., 2018. Why and When Hierarchy Impacts Team Effectiveness: A Meta-Analytic Integration. Hartley, L. and McGaughey, F., 2018. Using Online and Face-to-Face Simulations in Human Rights Tertiary Teaching: A Comparative Analysis.Journal of Human Rights Practice. Penwell-Waines, L., Ward, W., Kirkpatrick, H., Smith, P. and Abouljoud, M., 2018. Perspectives on Healthcare Provider Well-Being: Looking Back, Moving Forward.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings, pp.1-10. Rahim, M.A., 2017.Managing conflict in organizations. Routledge. Ramasamy, A., Inore, I. and Sauna, R., 2017. A Study on Implications of Implementing Green HRM in the Corporate Bodies with Special Reference to Developing Nations.International Journal of Business and Management,12(9), p.117. Thompson, D., Poulston, J. and Neill, L., 2017. How satisfying is real work? An analysis of student feedback on applied learning in a hospitality degree.Journal of hospitality, leisure, sport tourism education,20, pp.110-121.