Accrual Accounting in Public Sector Essay

In the present age, history seems to be an indispensable tool for modern business make upivities. However, not precisely for the profit orientated commercial business, it also plays an important role in the non-profit profit organizations, such(prenominal) as public welkins. Moreover, due to several deficiencies and drawbacks of government history body and m acetary-management systems, such as unclear accountability, poorly main(prenominal)tained assets and hided losses and long-term liabilities, corrects in the public sphere of influence have been conducted over the last-place several deca diethylstilbestrol across the word from refreshing Zealand, Australia to England (Ball and et al, 1999). news report innovation by implementing accruement business relationship in the public sector is one of the study map of the reforms and an important element of the wider concept of the so called parvenue mankind Management, and draws much of public concern and debate (Conno lly and Hyndman, 2006). Under this background, this essay is going to discuss the implications arising from the parade of implementing and true(a) using of accumulation score in the public sector in several aspects, and try to put fore some possible solutions.See more thanPerseverance essayGenerally, deuce main invoice methods be use to determine when and how to record income and expenses in the books, namely, funds bill and accretion be. The major difference in the midst of these twain is the timing of when the transactions ar put down in the account (Tudor and Mutiu, 2006). To be specific, under the property accounting method, income and payment argon not counted until cash is actually received or made while under the accruement accounting basis, transactions are recorded as soon as they incurred, regardless whether the cash is received or made. Comparing to cash accounting, accruals accounting place more emphasis on how the capital assets utilise and recorded (Connolly and Hyndman, 2006).More reliable figures of mental process install on revenues earned and resources consumed entrust be achieved through accruals accounting. Owning to this, it is believed that accruals accounting lead contribute to better longer-term linear perspective of governmental policies, resource management and decision making (Ball and et al, 1999) and both infixed and external transparency may be enhanced. Moreover, it is also considered that comparability between different government departments will be improved, even between the pre and pack privatization (Wynne, 2004 and FEE, 2006).Although several potential advantages are suggested that will be brought by implementing accrual accounting in the public sector, it is still under debate that whether it is actually appropriate to use accrual accounting system, which is initially devised for private sector, in the public sector (CESifo, 2007). In the private sector, commsolely, accounting tends to be seen as a neutral technology to record past activities and provide pecuniary and other incumbent info to operate the business more efficiently and profitable.However, due to the difference in the nature and role of the public sector, this verbal description seems not appropriate. For example, the primary purpose of public sector accounting is not serving to generate more profit but controlling multitudes behavior to protect public money (Ellwood and virginberry, 2007), and the ultimate users are electorate instead of s preferholders (CESifo, 2007). Due to the fundamental mismatch of the objects, potential inadaptable problems may come forward during utilization (Carlin, 2005).As for the incurred cost of implementation and operation of an accrual accounting, in the North Ireland (NI) case study conducted by Connolly and Hyndman (2006), almost all the overseers and running(a) controllers believed that the views of cost neutral of the transition process, which came up by the UK H M Treasury, are not conform to the reality. Besides that, another case study based on UK and Republic of Ireland (RoI) , the result also revealed that all the interviewees questioned the value of the changes whether screwing preciselyify the substantial cost (Connolly and Hyndman, 2010).Usually, the additional introducing cost will slide by mainly in four aspects, identifying and valuing existing assets, developing accounting policies, establishing accounting systems (such as computer systems), hiring or providing training for both the preparers and users of financial instruction and some of those cost will persist (Wynne, 2004).The amount of the cost is signifi washbowlt, for example, jibe to the New Zealand Audit Office, there is about NZ$160-180 million expenditure accrue by the financial-management reform during 1987 to 1992 (Ball and et al, 1999). Upon the previous experience and data, special resource should be added to the budget separately to ensure that the normal dep artment services will not be impacted by the implementation of accrual accounting. The actual cost associated with process move also be reckoned more considerably by doing this.Through study several case studies, the perceptions of usefulness of accruals randomness and the extent of the information used in reality tend to be very different in different cases. Both of the ii researches conducted by Connolly and Hyndman (2006 and 2010), based on UK and RoI, showed that almost all the interviewees agreed that the accrual accounting information was limited used or even not used and helpless for decision making and several operational Accountant participants show the view that the very lucubrated process may be one of the leading factors.Nevertheless, the situations seem to be rather dissimilar in Australia and New Zealand, where more comprehensively accrual accounting have been adopted. Especially in New Zealand, a significant decrease, from about 52% of GDP to just above 10%, o f net debt could be found after the reforms during 1992 to 2005 (Champoux, 2006). The differences of performance of implementation of accrual accounting may attribute to three main reasons, the extent of the whole reform involved, insufficient implementing time and pertinent tribe lack of professional knowledge.One of the possible reasons for the success of New Zealand is that New Zealand was the first country which had completely implemented accrual accounting system at both national and agency direct (Carlin, 2005). According to Lye and et al (2005), the reform process in New Zealand not only occurred in economic level, but also extended to a much broader aspects, such as simplifying the machinery of government and changing industrial relations.In contrast, the extent of reform in the other countries which were also implementing accrual based accounting system, wish the UK and the USA, is in a rather surface degree. Furthermore, the politicians who were responsible for the ref orms in those two countries were right- wing, and may always hold conservative attitude to the reforms (Lye and et al, 2005). However, a perfect(a) reform could generate many benefits and potential advantages.Turning to the issue of implementing time, Overseers participants in the research of Connolly and Hyndman (2006) also typically emphasized that the in stiffness of utilization could be a result of being the early stages of the development, and some Operational Accountant also showed positive attitude to the future through time increasing.The process of implementing accrual accounting in the public sector takes far more than 1 or 2 years until the whole system operative effectively and efficiently. According to previous experience, the process of fully implementing the new accounting system and necessary reforms will take about 8 to 10 years and it may be take even longer in the UK case (Wynne, 2004). Upon this, it can be found that the process may take a relatively longer tim e than pile used to hold before the benefit being realized.One other reason is that relevant staffs and managers are unqualified because of lack of professional accounting knowledge. It is commonly genuine that better insight information, such as more complete financial performance and position, which could reveal the features of operation of public sector may be provided by accrual accounting. However, those characteristics make the statements more difficult to understand, especially for large number with inadequate accounting knowledge. Comparing to cash accounting, the information provided by cash accounting seems more easily to understand and more straightforward for the command public (CESifo, 2007 and FEE, 2006).Moreover, in Connolly and Hyndman s research (2006), both Overseer and Operational Accountant participants particularly complained that, mostly, their efforts, spending extra time to process the daedal information, are useless, because the potential users are lac k of relevant accounting skills. several(prenominal) participates also believed that the majority of senior managers are not equipped with necessary accounting knowledge and do not have a toilsome desire to learn and adopt the new accounting system.Besides that, in another Connolly and Hyndmans research (2010), according to reflection of politicians to the new accounting information, the interviewees believed that not only the senior managers, but also the politicians, who are essentially responsible for decision-making, had inadequate accounting knowledge and superficial level of savvy of accrual accounting system.However, if politicians do not have certain level of accounting knowledge, they will not be able to evaluate and act upon accrual statements (FEE, 2006). The following is a case in point. Wynne (2004, p10) states that only 20% of ministries had a director of finance who was a professionally qualified restrainer and not all these were members of the ministrys managemen t board in the UK rudimentary government.In order to ensure implementation of accrual accounting more smoothly, several approaches could be taken to achieve that. Firstly, one of the most effective ways is providing more accessible accrual information for the public, for instance, summarizing the important information and presenting it without using specialized vocabulary. Secondly, it is vital to provide more training programmes, which take practically useful accrual accounting knowledge, for both the staffs and managers.Finally, based on the New Zealand experience, it was found that a strong communication with politicians is an indispensable part in the implementation process. The politicians need to realize the potential value of which the accrual based accounting system can bring. Thus, practical strategies, such as illustrating the core concept and benefit of accrual accounting and providing key figures, which can show the features of accrual information, will be needed. (FEE , 2006)In conclusion, through analyzing and comparing several case studies of implementation of accrual accounting, it can be found that a significant number of countries had already started to implement accrual accounting and use accrual information in practice, and the number is still increasing. However, only minority of them realized the substantial benefits from the new accounting system. The reasons for this status can be vary, such as Insufficient implementing time and relevant people lack of professional knowledge mentioned above.Several possible solutions can be used to tackle those problems, but it can be more complicate in the real case and some gaps still exist in understanding of the implications of use of accrual accounting in the public sector (Carlin, 2005). For this reason, further research based on each countries own set is still needed. Moreover, it is also quite certain that for many countries there are still a number of barriers to be overcome before accrual ac counting can be utilized to its full potential.List of referencesBall, I. and et al. (1999). Reforming financial Management in the unexclusive Sector Lessons U.S. Officials Can Learn from New Zealand. polity Study No. 258. Reason customary Policy Institute. Carlin, T, M. (2005), Debating the clash of Accrual business relationship and Reporting in the Public Sector, fiscal Accountability & Management, 21(3) Center for Economic Studies., the Ifo Institute. and the CESifo GmbH (CESifo). (2007). Accrual Accounting in The Public Sector, CESifo DICE Report, 5 (3), pp. 43-45 Connolly, C. and Hyndman, N. (2006), The actual implementation of accruals accounting Caveats from a case within the UK public sector, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, e-journal 19 (2), pp. 272 290. on tap(predicate) at http//dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570610656123 Accessed 1 celestial latitude 2012 Connolly, C. and Hyndman, N. (2010), Accruals accounting in the public sector A road not always taken , Management Accounting Research, 22 (1), pp. 3645 Ellwood, S. and Newberry, S. (2007), Public sector accrual accounting institutionalising neo-liberal principles ? . Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, e-journal 20(4), pp. 549 573. Available at http//dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570710762584 Accessed 1 December 2012 Federation des Experts des Comtables Europeens (FEE). (2006), Accrual Accounting for More Effective Public Policy, paper of the FEE Public Sector Committee. Lye, J., Perera, H. and Rahman, A. (2005), The evolution of accruals-based Crown (government) financial statements in New Zealand, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, e-journal 18(6), pp. 784-815. Available at http//dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570510627711 Accessed 1 December 2012 Tiron-Todor, A. and Mutiu, A. (2005), Cash versus Accrual Accounting in Public Sector, Studia Universitatis Babes Bolyai Oeconomica 1990, obtainable at Accessed 1 December 2012 Wynne, A. (2004), Is the Move to Accrual Bas ed Accounting a Real Priority for Public Sector Accounting, Public Fund Digest, e-journal 6(1) . Available at Accessed 1 December 2012

Are There Any “Winners” in War? Essay

War is not a game large number play to win prizes or gain recognition for their skill. After wholeness side surrenders, and a treaty is signed, one side does go dwelling feeling like a winner. Both sides jut irreplaceable losses. For this reason, in that respect argon no true winners in war.Some people may feel that they came extinct of the war victoriously, scarcely as Agatha Christie said, To win a war is as disastrous as to lose one. For example, in the Ameri fag Revolution, we won, but is it re completelyy victory when 8,000 Americans died on the battlefield? We mazed more soldiers than the British lost during that war, yet we came out of it looking like winners. Theres a reason that every country that participates in war is a loser, whether they lost more men, they didnt get what they wanted out of the war, or they started the war and caused all the deaths that took place within it.So far 3,974 soldiers have died since the war was launched in Iraq on March 20, 2003. M ore than 81,000 Iraqis have died in the same war. These lives can not be replaced. These atrocities can not be mended. The moment lives are disrupted, and the moment a life ends, you have officially lost the war, all the same if it hasnt ended yet. When a soldier is sent to war, their love ones hope for their well(p) return, but all the while knowing that some will be lost along the way. And all they can do is hope that their loved one will not be one of the thousands that die.Numerous soldiers from some(prenominal) countries come home with severe injuries that affect how they will live for the put down of their life. 29,320 American troops alone have been wounded in the Iraq war. They are not able to do things they once could and they often regret fall in the army. Because of the appalling events that soldiers are subjected to, they often return from battle with harsh psychological effects, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.I human beings I know has slept with a weapon i n hand for bakers dozen years after coming back from being in the war. He sometimes wakes up in the middle of the night and thinks he is in combat. He frantically looks for his gun and screams for someone to give him orders. Some Soldiers alike have survivors wrong-doing, and they feel bad that they made it out alive but a friend didnt. In addition, some soldiers may feel repentant over killing somebody, and from there onlive a lamented, guilt ridden life. Most people who are involved with war go with at least one of these things, which is another reason that nobody comes out of war being a winner.The countries involved in the war suffer economically as well. For example, the United States has spent almost 500 meg dollars on the war in Iraq, which could have been forestalled. Instead of use this coin to support war, it could be donated to hospitals, or used to help find cures to diseases. exploitation the money for these causes would benefit us to a great extent, unlike usi ng the money for war. Iraq will have to rebuild their country because of all the terminal we have caused over there, which will also cost a corporation of money.Regardless of who wins according to who drops or surrenders first, both sides lose. Neither side wins because uncomplete side was courageous enough to go about their disputes in a means other than war. They couldnt come to a consensus over how to solve their problems. Adults should flake like adults and work out their problems through conversation instead of acting through violence, because if they fail to do so, the consequences will be extremely unpleasant. In war, you always lose more than you gain. You may get what you went to war for in the first place, but in the process you have lost so much that it just isnt worth it. There are no winners in war, just survivors.bibliographyhttp//www.antiwar.com/casualties/http//www.iraqwarveterans.org/war_stories.htm

World Literature Essay

World Literature evidence In The navy man Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, Yukio Mishima portrays the intense and progressive growth of his central component part, Noboru, with the onset of adolescence. While the story takes place, particularly revolving around the interactions amid Fusako and Ryuji as a couple, Noboru begins to embrace his adolescent spirit and finds his own pathway in life. Adopting a lifestyle of objectivity, (49) the personal and external conflicts of Noborus life often question whether his indifference towards the earthly concern is reasonable (57).In his text, the originators treatment of Noborus shift key can be examined on the basis of maturation, affable conventions, and psychological factors in the deficiency of family dynamics. Maturity in life as well as in this romance plays a huge part in the development of character. As humans come across the changes from a child to an adult, the period of adolescence is always one that cannot be forgotte n. disaffected nature and phases of lifestyle often occur which drives the youth to commit wild actions.Thirteen-year-old male child Noboru has reached a milestone in his life where he faces challenges and additions to his life. growth up under his stupefys wing due to his obtain passing away years ago, he has grown in divers(prenominal) towards the world and is convinced of his own genius which firmly mounts his principles (Mishima 8). Building onto his development as a young adult, curiosity begins to implore Noboru to do the unthinkable in instances such as peeping through a hole that reveals his mothers room (Mishima 10).Witnessing affairs such as sexual inter flux amid his mother and Ryuji, the once idealized skimmer boy becomes a traitor to Noboru thereof disregarding everything he made the sailor out to be. As exposit by the chief, maturity is defined as perversion. This constant high treason affects Noboru negatively and gives him no other option but to continue believing in objectivity as his prime source of logic that wont let him down. With a shift in learning ability such as this, its not hard to accept the fact that his step towards maturity is one thats corrupted (Mishima 181).Besides natural phases and instinctive processes taking rough-and-ready positions in Noborus development, his frequent gatherings with his cult are responsible for his moderate but violent nature. Social conventions with the gang and him alter his personality passim the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Noboru begins to describe the life of an objectionist, one who denies subjective reality, curiously in perspective of adults, simply dismissing them as spurious and elusive (Mishima 8). With his principle in objectivity, he begins to experience life in a different hue.For example, the slaughtering of the innocent cat as a test of willpower (Mishima 61) serves as a crucial point in that novel that offers a revelation to Noboru I can do anything, no matt er how awful. A realization such as this leads into bigger events in the novel such as the luring of Ryuji into his doom (Mishima 169). In doing so Noboru grows heartless, savage, and reconfirms his indifference towards the world. Psychology in this novel is possibly the biggest factor revolving around character development in The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea.From Ryujis transformation from a sailor to a father in the Summer and Winter parts of the novel to Fusako organism a single mother turned married wife, its no doubt that Noboru changed as well. In the premise of the novel, Noboru is introduced as a thirteen-year-old boy living under a roof supported by his mother who owns a luxury boutique store. With his father passing away five-spot years ago, Noboru has grown up only under his mothers influence (Mishima 8). Lacking the male jut that usually guides the boy, the struggle for delight in Noboru has led to his acceptance of objectivity in place of it.With no fath er figure present during his childhood, Mishima presents this as the foundation for Noborus posterior motives later on in the plot. The deficiency of family dynamics is stark deep down this novel. With no authority creation put upon Noboru, it allows him to be irrational and wild. However, since he is a self-proclaimed genius, his freedom is spent in silence that later transitions into his ulterior motives. With the introduction of Second Mate Ryuji Tsukazaki into the life of the Kuroda family, it catalyzes character development.Fusako, Noborus mother, begins to rekindle her love life and later on marries Ryuji. Noboru on the other hand, idealizes Tsukazaki as liberal, masculine, disciplined, and without weak effeminate characteristics. With praise to Ryuji as his new male figure, it psychologically develops a sense of attachment and appreciation for him. Such instances occurred when Ryuji came digest from his duties at sea and brought back a present for Noboru. Typically, the boy would be indifferent towards such a generous act given his nature but he responded in a sense of excitement (Mishima 102).With emotions irrelevant inside Noboru, it develops a feeling of acceptance and reformats the family dynamics within the Kuroda home (Mishima 144). Ryuji, however, begins to grow soft due to newly be a father. This course of action labels him as a fallen hotshot among Noboru and his gang. With a merciless discussion about fathers such as fathers are evil itself, ladle with everything ugly in Man, it presents the idea of making Ryuji a hero again (Mishima 136). A meeting like this with the cult of objectionists alters Noborus mentality further on into the novel.With a final betrayal from Ryuji due to the sailor acting in a fatherly manner, Noboru confirms that his once praised hero is helpless (Mishima 158). This last test of redemption that fails leads to the disappointment in Noboru, following up with the chiefs plan to make Ryuji a hero again. The p sychological factors at play constantly reshape within Noboru. With each betrayal from Ryuji, Noboru mentally notes them and his anger builds up within. When it finally reaches a maximum limit, Noborus objectionist philosophy is put into full initiative.The life of the once heroic sailor is ended with an ironic finale (Mishima 181). In a gist, Noboru Kurodas transformation throughout the novel has simply been abominable. From the premise of innocence to the macabre crossing of what he has become, the thirteen-year-old boy could not be blamed for his actions. Through being put in the onset of maturity while struggling with his social conventions as well as the ongoing psychological factors regarding his deficiency in family dynamics the corruption of Noboru in his coming of age is well expound by Mishima in his novel.Yukios usage of death as being perfect (Mishima 61) provides an eerie atmosphere for the reader as his central character deals with the ire provided by his life. Brill iantly composed, Mishimas psychological analysis in The Sailor who fell from Grace with The Sea is one that is terrifically splendid. whole caboodle Cited Mishima, Yukio. The Sailor who fell from Grace with the Sea. New York City Vintage Books, 1965. Print.

Hemmingway

Ameri skunk Novel 8/04/2013 Q) Hemming modes depiction of the check of existence in a society that has been upset by the rage of fight, in light of The Sun excessively Rises and A F arwell to build up. No Ameri stack writer is more associated with writing about war in the early 20th century than Ernest Hemingway. He experienced it firstly pay, wrote dispatches from innumerable frontlines, and used war as a backdrop for umpteen of his virtually memorable works. Commenting on these experience years later inMen at War,Hemingway wrote When you go to war as a son you concur a gr have illusion of immortality.Other people get kil take non you. . . . Then when you be badly wounded the first meter you leave out that illusion and you know it screw spend to you. After being gravely wounded two weeks before my nineteenth birthday I had a bad time until I figured out that zip could happen to me that had not happened to all men before me. Whatever I had to do men had always d i odin. If they had done it then I could do it similarly and the best thing was not to worry about it. M all persons whose outwards lives do not in the least resemble that of a exemplary Hemingways character are still conscious of the dislocation receivable to war, and of which he has made himself the outstanding fictional spokesmen of our time. Hemingways characters are soldiers, sportsman, dirty money fighter and his worldly concern of fiction swarm with ferrets, drunkards and prostitutes. He is greatly pre-occupied with finale and violence. A leave of absence to Arms constitutes Hemingways ability to create support sentence ilk character, both male and female, in such a way as to make us feel that we have actually met them.The starting line World War plays an important role in the refreshfuls of Ernest Hemingway. He has render all substantive war experience in his novel. The war led up to a deep distrust of all established institutions and value religions, ideals, s ociety, patriotisms etc. Only concrete experiences were valued. Thus, Hemingway emphasized the sense and the experience found on them. The Sun also Rises is one of his such novels. It is a grade of a few American expatriates who were living in genus Paris by and by the War. there were all wounded either physically or psychologically by the war. I got hurt in the war, I said. Oh, that dirty war. We would in all probability have gone on and demonstrateed the war and agreed that it was in macrocosm a calamity for civilization, and perhaps would have been better avoided. I was bored enough. Just then from the other room soul called Barnes I pronounce Barnes Jacob Barnes (3. 9) The banal discussion of the war that Jake and Georgette n pointerly escape is one thats unsatisfactory and not comprehensive. We get the feeling that theres a lot more to be said about the war, barely zip knows how to communicate it yet. My dear, I am sure Mr.Barnes has seen a lot. Dont think I dont t hink so, sir. I have seen a lot, too. Of course you have, my dear, Brett said. I was only ragging. I have been in seven wars and four revolutions, the count said. Soldiering? Brett asked. Sometimes, my dear. And I have got arrow wounds. Have you ever seen arrow wounds? (7. 18) The counts definition of seen a lot is associated with war as though war is the only real experience a man can have. The old pre-war values cannot accord them the direction that they are looking for and in this lost world they are all lost souls.They drink heavily to quieten their inner hard put voices. Jake Barnes is a casualty of the beginning World War. He has been made unable due to his injury and gum olibanum is now half the man than he was before. His physical impairment has made it impossible for him to consummate his love and thus this be sustains the tragedy of his love for Brett Ashley. Although there is no mention of it in the novel directly, it has been implied in certain scenes. As Brett is not provideing to settle for less, Jake is drowned in the ocean of unrequited love.Thus, Jake then becomes a tragic hero, one of the most praised heroes of Hemingways books. We see that the war has taken away his masculinity from him sledding him incomplete for life. As Jakes war doctor remarks on his loss, He has given much more than his life. As the title of the novel makes clear,A classing to Armsconcerns itself primarily with war, namely the process by which Frederic henry removes himself from it and leaves it behind. The few characters in the novel who actually support the effortEttore Moretti and Ginocome across as a dull raggart and a naive youth, respectively. The mass of the characters remain ambivalent about the war, resentful of the terrible destruction it causes, dubitable of the glory it supposedly reads. The novel offers masterful descriptions of the conflicts senseless brutality and crimson chaos. The scene of the Italian armys retreat remains one of the most profound evocations of War in American Literature. As the congruous columns of men begin to crumble so does the soldiers nerves, minds, and cognitive content for rational thought and moral judgement.Henrys shooting of the engineer for refusing to assistant free the car from the mud shocks the reader for two reasons, first, the violent effusion seems at odds with Henrys detached character, and secondly, the incident occurs in a setting that robs it of its moral import, the complicity of Henrys fellow soldiers legitimizes the killing. The cut up of the engineer seems justifiable because it is an inevitable by-product of the spiralling violence and disorder of the War.I had seen null sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. There were m all haggling that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had dignity. reliable amount were the same way and certain dates and these with the names of the places were all you could enunciate and have them mean anything. Abstract words such as glory, honour, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates.To Henry, such abstractions as honour, glory, and sacrifice do little to explain or assuage the unbelievable destruction that he sees around him. What consequences, he decides, are the names of villages and soldiers, the concrete facts of decimated walls and dead bodies. He believes that in order to discuss the war honestly, one must dismiss artificial concepts and deal with ground grounded in the reality of the war. He tarnishes the romanticisticized ideal of the military hero by equating the sacrifices of human lives in war with the slaughter of livestock.He further compares romantic riffs about honor and glory to burying meat in the ground. nix can be sustained o r nurtured by such pointlessness. Hemingway believed that in this corrupt world it is no pertinaciouser possible to have a decent, self-respecting and dignified life. It is the end of love, end of human dignity, end of private relationships and a realisation that man is all alone in the world and he has to fend for himself. It is the realisation that the ultimate reality is nothing merely nada, a Spanish word which means nothingness. Nada, someone said. Its nothing.Drink up. Lift the bottle. (The Sun Also Rises, chapter15) The Sun Also Rises portrays a few American and British young men whose experiences of the war are qualitatively not different from those of Nick Adams and Jake Barnes and they are lost in a world which they do not understand. Their meaningless wanderings in Paris and later in Pamplona are the equivalents of their confused minds which have failed to find any guiding principles in life. Bull-fighting for them becomes a symbol of life in which the matador demonst rates how a man facing death can retain dignity.As a matter of fact it is in the face of danger and confrontation with death that they show courage, so that they can lead a life in which they can respect themselves. There is a vague realisation on the type of these expatriates that they cannot implement the matadors code in their lives because of the wounds inflicted by the war leave behind take quite some time to heal. In A Farewell to Arms Henry realizes that his idealism which had guided him into the front is meaningless in the face of total destruction symbolized by the war.Whether he performs his duties or not, it does not make any material difference to the unit to which he belongs. The endless round of drinking and brothels is equally futile because he cannot find any object to which he could align himself and seek some sort of gladness that would give some meaning to his life. His love affair with Catherine Barkley is a momentary relief from the inner disquiet and final ly with the death of Catherine he is no better off than the dog nosing in the dust bin for something to eat except where there is nothing for him to find.His own wound had also exclusively killed him. This feeling of nada then led to the lost generation. The bourne lost generation is generally applied to those who had actively participated in the First World War and as a consequence of this realised that life was meaningless. As a result of the domination of machine over man, man had felt that they were extremely helpless. This disillusionment could have taken either the get of nihilism or a search for enduring values and absolutes. In the mechanised war there was no room whatsoever for the presumption of manhood or courage and bravery.In a famous passage in A Farewell to Arms Hemingway brings out this disillusionment. In the rain, the words like honour, glory, patriotism seemed obscene to him and what was real were the names of the regiments, streets and towns. The Sun also Ri ses and A Farewell to Arms celebrate the conditions that led to this disillusionment and how man desire desperately to clutch at straws in this meaningless and valueless world. There is no sentiment whatsoever about the retreat ion A Farewell to Arms or the adventures of Brett Ashley.They are delineated with the realism of a scientist but with the tenderness of an artist. There is a feeling of boredom and disgust with the half-truths and sentiments of the precedent generations. Hemingway has, along with Remarque, revealed the grotesque and the animal nature in man. Worship of spirit instead of rationality became the order of the day. The world that Hemingway has portrayed is unrecognizably part of the modern world. The violence of war is still with us. And added to it is the anxiety and terror of the nipping war that seems to have become part and parcel of the Twentieth coulomb life.His preoccupation with violence, decay and death may be neurotic but are still part of the twen tieth century temper. The lack of holiness is with us to stay. There are no religious values that can provide balm to the troubled mind. As Jake Barnes states in The Sun also Rising, Im a rotten Catholic. In the words of Philip Young, It is a hell of a world, and we should protest it. But on the other hand we should be hard-pressed to prove that it is not the one we inhabit era other writers were watching the side acts, Hemingways eyes were from the start focused on the main show. The devout ask for peace in our time but ironically there is no peace in our time. This is the flock that Hemingway presents in his works and it is difficult to refute its authenticity so long as our world is going to be haunted by the fear of a thermo-nuclear war. As Hemingway wrote in A Farewell to arms, If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to overstep them, so of course it kills them. The world breaks everyone and afterward many are arduous at the broken places .But those that will not break it kills. It kills the very strong and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure that itll kill you too but there will be no special hurry. Work Cited http//onviolence. com/? e=313 http//www. hrmars. com/admin/pics/1043. pdf http//www. amazon. com/Hemingway-War-Ernest/dp/0743243293 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway http//www. archives. gov/publications/prologue/2006/ funk/hemingway. html Book Hemingway on War

An Assignment on the Linguistic Acquisition Device Essay

In linguistics, delivery learning is the process through which gracious beings obtain the capability to catch and savvy diction as well as produce sentences and words and utilise them to communicate.According to Chomsky, his Linguistic Acquisition Device (LAD) encompassed a device that children were born(p) that could be defined as the inborn ability to comprehend the phrase principles. This LAD fits his innateness Hypothesis of spoken communication acquisition beca uptake he believed that once a child was exposed to language, the LAD would enable him or her to learn language in an outstanding pace as also elucidated under his circumstantial cessation hypothesis Question TwoAccording to Noam Chomskys faultfinding period hypothesis, human speech encompassed a genetically programmed ability that had a critical age threshold.This is because equivalent a variety of other human behaviors, an individuals ability to make grow language is based on critical periods that are def ined as the limited metre sail during which the individual is sensitive to the language acquisition external stimuli that enables him or her to fetch language. Once this time is surpassed the individual has minimum chances of acquiring language. This critical period in language acquisition was adolescence to Chomsky. Question ThreeGenie was observe in Los Angeles on November 4, 1970. She was discovered by a social doer in Temple City, California when she accompanied her mother as she desire for disability benefits due to near blindness. The social worker had initially sensed that something was wrong with Genie and she got so shocked when she greeted them and discovered that Genie was real 13 years old though the social worker had estimated that she was autistic and half that age.The social worker contacted her supervisor, who after questioning Genies mother contacted the police. Genies parents were later arrested and she was made the ward of the address and later transferre d to the Childrens Hospital Lost Angeles. She was unable to acquire a language within a critical period due to the relentless child abuse she went through under the hands of her father. Question quartetteThe symptoms she displayed of this failure after she was discovered were here severe undersize unheeding of her advanced age of 13 years. She had no scaning of grammar she could only comprehend 15-20 words. Two short phrases were what consisted of her active vocabulary and hence she had complete inadequacy of speech, not because she was selectively mute but because she lacked any type of language. though she had considerable memories of her past she lacked a way to communicate them. Question vThe forbidden examine was the language deprivation test under which infants were single out from any normal utilization of signed or spoken language as an attempt to discover the origin or language or human natures fundamental characteristics. Viktor became a model of this experiment be cause before his discovery he had lived in a forest like a wild animal and had been unable to understand or blab any language. After being placed under the care of Dr jean Marc Gaspard Itard, he acquired the language rudiments and became socialized. Question SixShe began to use the two-word phrases when she started to understand about 200 vocabulary words. Her speech began to improve after settling in her ne surrounding though it continued to exhibit latency. With time she started using negative forms with not rather than the prefix un. By October 1973 she could advantageously comprehend complex negation forms.By October 1971 she could listen to people talking and so far contribute to the conversations. By November f the same year her speech and grammar could be equated to that of an 18 or 20 month old baby. By 1972 she could use complex noun phrases and regular plurals as well as understand interrogatory words. By 1973 she was using determiners, definite articles, possessive s and imperative sentences. She however did not acquire automatic speech. Question SevenThe ethical implications of the language deprivation experiment are that it encompassed an inhuman experiment that would deprive the infants of their language acquisition abilities. unheeding of this Viktor benefited from this experiment because he was later able to acquire language rudiments and be socialized.The ethical implications of the experiments on Genie were linked to the fact that they subjected her to superfluous child abuse ratherthan help her because the researchers were more focused on the results of their results rather than hoe the research could benefit Jeanie. To some extent Jeanie benefited from the experiments because her language abilities improved but the researchers used her to acquire fame.Works CitedLinda, Garmon, dir. The Secret of the chaotic Child. IMDBPro, 1994. Film.

The gendercide against Jewish men

He gendercidal dimension of the holocaust against the Jews was evident during particular phases of the campaign of extermination. It yet has its harbinger in the mass detentions of males during the earlier (1933-41) period of Nazi rule. As a campaign of full-blown mass execution, the gendercide against Judaic males marked an important, if temporary, infringement phase of the holocaust in the occupied eastern territories (including, after majestic 1941 , the Balkans).Gendercidal strategies against women were evident at later stages, both in mass executions and gassings, women- nly last camps, and the forced marches that killed tens of yards in the closing stages of the war. Again, it must be upset that in both their male and female manifestations, the Jewish gendercides were subsidiary features and strategies of a campaign of root-and-branch extermination, in which gender was far from a dominant friendliness overall.Daniel Goldhagen points out in Hitlers Willing Executioners (p p. 149-50) how theup-close, intimate killing of manifestly defenceless, wow civilians on the eastern front killings which spattered blood and brain thing around the killing fields and over the killers was at first ncrementally managed fit to gender The Einsatzgruppen death-squad officers could habituate their men into their new vocation as genocidal executioners done a stepwise escalation of the killing.First, by shooting primarily teenage and gravid Jewish males, they would be able to acclimate themselves to mass executions without the shock of killing women, young children, and the infirm. According to Alfred Filbert, the commander of Einsatzkommando 9, the execution order from Reinhard Heydrich quite clearly include also women and children. Yet, in the first instance, without a doubt, the executions were limited generally to Jewish males. By generally keeping units initial massacres to smallish numbers (by German standards) of a few hundred or even a thousand or so, inste ad of many thousands, the perpetrators would be less likely to create overwhelmed by the enormity of the gargantuan bloodbaths that were to follow. They also could believe that they were selectively killing the most dangerous Jews, which was a measure that they could conceive to be sightly for this apocalyptic war. Once the men became used to slaughtering Jews on this sex-selective and smaller scale, the officers could ore comfortably expand the scope and size of the killing operations.Jewish men rounded up for mass execution at Zhytomyr, Ukraine, August 7, 1942. In the early weeks of these writ of execution campaigns, the Einsatzkommandos, according to Goldhagen, were the equivalent of genocidal scouting parties, developing the methods of The images of mountains of corpses left behind by the Nazi mass murderers shocked the world, and helped contribute to the founding of the state of Israel. As the Soviet and Allied forces rolled back across Nazi-occupied Europe,

The Importance of Medical Marijuana

Individual Project 3 Erricka Mayfield Colorado Technical University ENGL126-1204A-03 straits Writing October 29th, 2012 Professor David Mulvihill Introduction The use of medical marihuana has been a controversial issue since it has been suggested as a method for use as medication. Despite its dissention, it comes by patient recommendation and twists say it to their patients based on its medical benefits.marihuana has been classified as a fitled Substance and there permit been statements that it is a gateway drug, in spite of the accusations against it, patients who use medical cannabis opinions differ greatly. Although documented studies exist weighing the benefits or non-benefits of medical hemp, it is good that it should be legalized on the basis that it helps those who be critically ill to heading with various font make of the diseases wish AIDS, Cancer, and Multiple Sclerosis by alleviating pain, regurgitate, and nausea.While many patients are afflicted with side cause from the medications that are use to breed their diseases, the United States Government approved cannabis in pad of paper discrepancy called marinol which is available as a prescription and has been proven to non be as effective due to the synthetic grammatical constituent cognize as delta-9-THC.Whereas, marijuana derived take aimly from the plant has the original ingredient of delta-9-THC which whole kit and caboodle with the bodys indwelling endorphins by working in direct correlation of the bodys opioids receptor system and creating benefits to the patients who use it be restoring ailing patients to some quality of life, age battling these life altering diseases. consistency In 1997, the uncontaminating House Office of National Drug Control Policy asked the initiate of Medicine to go off the scientific evidence on the potential health benefits and risks of marijuana as a gateway drug.To the White Houses surprise and to the benefits of those who desperately n eed medical marijuana, the Institute of Medicine proclaimed that marijuana usually precedes rather that follows initiation of another(prenominal) adulterous drug use. The Institute of Medicine also states that or so users of illicit drugs had already used alcohol and nicotine speckle underage, in advance the use of marijuana. In the opinion of the Institute of Medicine they feel that because underage smoking and alcohol use typically precede marijuana use, marijuana is not the well-nigh common and rarely the first gateway to illicit drug use. In the studies completed by the Institute of Medicine they found no determinate evidence that the drug effects of marijuana are causally conjugate to the direct abuse of other illicit drugs. The American College of Physicians also urges the review of marijuana as a Schedule I Controlled Substance and its reclassification into a more appropriate schedule, given the scientific evidence concerning marijuanas safety and efficacy in some clinical conditions. In simpler call the Institute of Medicine found no linkable evidence to marijuana being a gateway drug as most have claimed, stating that most users of illicit drugs began using either alcohol or nicotine even before the legal age limit, therefore stating that they would not consider marijuana as a gateway drug. Maybe the Institute of Medicine reaffirms some of the findings, studies, perceptions, and or opinions of others who agree that medical marijuana has some positive benefits.According to health check Doctor and Former United States Surgeon General Dr. Joycelyn Elders asserts that the evidence is overwhelming how marijuana can relieve certain types of pain, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms caused by such nauseaes as Multiple Sclerosis, Cancer, and AIDS or by the harsh drugs used to treat the diseases. Dr. Elders firmly states that marijuana can safely alleviate such symptoms in chronically ill patients and that marijuana is less toxic than many o f the medications that Physicians prescribe their patients. The Institute of Medicine contributed information upon a study they completed called The talent of Cannabinoid Drugs which is a study completed on the effects of cannabinoids on a range of symptoms in duple patients who used medical marijuana. Their findings revealed that the cannabinoids were effective in anxiety reduction, appetite stimulation, nausea reduction, and pain relief. The Institute of Medicine powerfully suggested that cannabinoids would be well suited for particular conditions like chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and in the AIDS wasting syndrome.A study completed at the University of calcium at San Francisco found that smoked marijuana was more effective at relieving extreme pain in a debilitating condition know as peripheral neuropathy, as well as those patients who have diabetes and multiple sclerosis. To gain a better understanding of how cannabinoids work, they work with specific endo- cannabin oids and are produced by the body and also interact with the bodys natural pain receptors. Based upon the opinion of Doctor Gregory T. Carter, who is Co-Director at the University of Washington Medical Center Muscular Dystrophy Association says that there are sincerely no other medications that have the same mechanisms of actions as marijuana, although Marinol is available by prescription but lacks the advantages by containing only a synthetic ingredient of delta-9-THC, which is only one of many therapeutically beneficial cannabinoids found in the natural marijuana plant. An advocate for the medical use of marijuana named Rudolph J. Gerber cited a number of independent studies that coincide with the therapeutic uses of marijuana in symptoms machine-accessible with AIDS, cancer, multiple sclerosis, Tourettes syndrome and even anxiety.In Mr. Gerbers citing he found that marijuanas health benefits were greater opposed to those found in Marinol like the onset of relief from the capsu le which takes an moment or more, as with the effects of smoking marijuana are only within minutes. Marinol which is oral form of marijuana and contains delt-9-THC which is metabolized through the liver and neutralizes more than 90 percent of the chemical, while smoked marijuana contains the direct ingredient of delta-9-THC providing the ingredient direct speech communication to the bloodstream. Lastly, an oral dose of Marinol lasts up to six unpredictable hours, with variable effects, while smoked marijuana lasts a more manageable and predictable hour or two. Conclusion Overall the benefits of patient using medical marijuana personally out way the recourse of prescription drugs and all of its side effects. Consider this if you know someone personally who is battling a critically illness and regular prescribed Medications do not suffice, and the patient has to deal with the unfavorable side effects of the prescribed medications would medical marijuana be an ersatz to consider?W ould you advocate for the use of medical marijuana to help set up relief to a loved one from crippling side effects of prescribed medication? If so, I urge you today to consider the medical benefits of medical marijuana. Consider how medical marijuana can alleviate pain, and bring out vomiting, and relieve nausea by creating relief to a patient who is battling a life altering disease. Just consider the option of medical marijuana References http//medicalmarijuana. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID Retrieved from www. procons. org Gerber, Rudolph J. Beneficial Effects of Marijuana as a Medical Prescription. Legalizing Marijuana Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics. Westport, CT Praeger, 2004. Rpt. in Marijuana. Ed. Joseph Tardiff. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2008. coeval Issues Companion. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. Retrieved from http//ic. galegroup. com. proxy. cecybrary. com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/Viewpoints Grinspoon, Lester. Medical Marijuana Is an hard-hitting Medicine. Medicine. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from Marijuana

Marketing plan in mortgage services

Owning a bag is an Ameri net dream that owe work is positioned to a lucrative worry investment funds. However, there atomic number 18 several(prenominal) factors that influence foodstuff decisions where market look can buoy be useful. hotshot classical area is researching slightly the historical and forecasted changes in market value. When value are pass judgment to rise, the upstandingly has greater potential to be undefeated in its expansion plan. People are motivated to mortgage folk purchase when there is a plausibly price gain.Similarly valuable is to make up ones mind some otherwise sparing indicators such(prenominal)(prenominal) as trends of wage rate, income taxes and in addition mortgage rate, down payment and monthly payment limits. In expanding to four other states, there may be local policies and regulations that can modify economic characteristics from Idaho which could trigger different trade strategies. For example, declining salaries in one s tate can reduce ability of the market to pay monthly inst allments.There are as well as other alternatives to purchasing a primary or junior-grade photographic plate that minimizes the market for mortgage go. In effect, the advantages and disadvantages of decision substitutes should be compared to home mortgage. Factors to cogitate are the costs and tax benefit of home improvements, profitability of existentistic estate investment trust (REIT) and buying-versus-renting performance. There might be a need for the firm to search for other lenders that can offer more than draw offive provisions to outweigh the benefits of decisions substitutes.For example, longer mortgage period may be necessary to bring down monthly installments and be belligerent to comparative monthly rental hires. It is as well as helpful to gather tuition on population mobility (i.e. tendency to transfer to other states or countries) or the visitor performance on the four states. When they are people restrain high mobility or the state does not receive substantial visits, the emplacement is less attractive for homeowners which can suggest new strategies to the firm.Marketing MediumIn its expansion, the gild is demand to inform the market of its existence including its market position and branding. Inability to test good faith credentials to the market can lead to byplay failure. It can tap useful business partners. Local authorities and agencies that circularise the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Veterans Administration (VA) adds are the primary carry of the firm since it offer answer for FHA and VA loans.The firm can be also referred by home sellers to their clients which can lead to a win-win situation for all parties. The telephoner and home sellers can develop their market while clients are provided with value-added go with the opportunity to get financial support. REIT and landlords can also issue the needed lead because they too necessitate home appr aisal for investment decisions. Although they are not included in the customer list of the company, citing the firm as cost efficient provider of mortgage services is a mechanism in better servicing the interest of their investors/ occupants.Publicity can also provide the necessary marketing medium. It can advertise the company on a wider scale without the communication to several parties rather than single marketing agency. As an alternative, the company can develop its own publicity by designing an advertising or promotional campaign. Local newspapers can cotton up the services offered, target market, average mortgage rate and service fee that are offered by the firm.This can create initial perception about its positioning (e.g. inexpensive service provider). Feedback is important in any campaign to determine if the market has gained perception similar to what the company intends to be. In this view, it is important to include in the newspaper ad contact details such as telepho ne number, website and address. Getting the feedback is important since being a low-cost service provider can create impression that the service is indifferent to others religious offering higher prices.Target MarketsBeing a low-cost service provider, the firm is expected to attract the low-income segment and parts of middle-income segment. This is concretized by the fact that the firm is offering a start-to-finish approach where clients can have full services from loan application, home appraisal and slim down delivery. The work-oriented lifestyle of these segments can receive substantial benefits of this approach since they can save time, money and simplify issues associated with home purchases/ loan.Primary and secondary homeowners are also target market. The former are inexperienced and the consultancy services can serve as guide in decision-making. In the contrary, the latter(prenominal) are experienced but are in need of refinancing services as they find a more attractive l oan contract from different lender or have changed their mind regarding their initial home purchase. Acquirer of leisure properties are also target market because the company has a portfolio of different lenders who can meet the requirements of such loan.As FHA loans will likely consist of low- and middle-income segment, VA loans bring forth a new segment. This includes retirees and at to the lowest degree fifty year old people or their widows who intend to conjoin again. The service that can be offered to them is advisory particularly on issues such as enjoying double exemption for capital-gain tax in case of sell a home which subsequently mean getting the exemption premiere before remarrying. Further, older people have less time to succeed their properties particularly researching, monitoring and evaluation of economic trends.As a result, most of their decisions are found on experience and judgment. The company can intervene in this case in offering valuable services to cont ribute the missing link of older peoples comitys. Lastly, the company can attract potential market that places their investments in stocks, bonds and mutual funds. With lowest fees and integrated service, real estate investment has relatively lower transaction costs than other investment choices.4Ps and SIVA on Marketing PlanThe market research provides tuition that will shape the products of the company as they require adjustment establish on state-specific factors. It also contributes on pricing the service as low-price services may not appeal to the local market making the trustworthy position less effective. Therefore, necessary promotions that can add value to the service can be initiated. In using each marketing medium, the company can increase its presence and market penetration to each state.It can rationalize the need for publicity and additional expenses for advertising depending on the market behavior and strength of local house authorities in influencing them. For e xample, if house is strictly regulated or supporting mechanisms are minimal, the company may likely opt to use the media in increasing awareness and demand. By determining target markets, the scanning done in market research and identification of potential marketing medium will be evaluated based the characteristics of the market. Target markets is the most crucial part of the marketing plan because it simplifies consideration of the factors in general environment and marketing medium to those that are only if significant in influencing market behavior.Satisfaction of the market is addressed when the company offers products and services that are relevant to their current needs. This includes augmenting loopholes of local housing authorities in providing related services and incentives. Their interests are activated by actively establishing business partners through local housing authorities, home sellers, REIT and other parties related to housing sector. Word-of-mouth marketing is acquired. The value for money regarding the services of the company is reorient to the income situation of its target market which assures an effective strategy. On the other hand, loose segment would see the low-price service as opportunity to get a second opinion and increase lender alternative. Finally, convenience in accessing the firms services is supported also by various marketing medium.ReferencesGeller, L. (2002) Response The Complete Guide to Profitable Direct Marketing. New York Oxford University Press.Hitt, M., Hoskisson, R. & Ireland, R. (2003) strategical Management Competitiveness and Globalization. 5th Ed. South Western Thomson Learning.Kotler, P. (2003) Marketing Management.11th Ed, NJ Prentice Hall.

Korean Society At A Glance Essay

South Korea is located in the north region of the Asian continent and occupies the southern region of the Korean Peninsula. It was open up in 1948 after the splitting of Korea between the United States and the former USSR (U. S. division of State, 2008). After the formal split of Korea, 4 million people from conjugation Korea transferred to South Korea. This sudden increase in tribe was partly correct within the next 40 years by migration from South Korea to lacquer and the United States.However, many of those who emigrated eventually returned to South Korea (U. S. part of State, 2008). South Korea possesses unitary of the most ethnically homogenous cultures in the world. Except for a infinitesimal Chinese population, almost the entire Korean population has a mutual culture and language (U. S. Department of State, 2008). Half of South Koreas population actively practices their religion. Christianity and Buddhism dominate the religion of South Korea.Only 3% run into themse lves as Confucians and the remaining 1% practices the traditional religion of Shamanism and Chondogyo (U. S. Department of State, 2008). Imperialism in South Korea Imperialism had a major impact in the victimization of 20th century Korea. With some assistance from the US and Great Britain, japan conquered Korea in 1910, which ended the latters existence as an case-by-case state. Aiming to establish its own Empire, Japan modified Korean economy in order to manufacture its own agricultural products.Korean peasants were forced to bequeath their lands and by 1930s and 1940s, majority of Koreans were working in the mining or manufacturing sector of Manchuria, Japan, and Korea (Hart-Landsberg, 1989). Elite Korean nationalist movements staged the March world-class Independence Movement against the colonizers but to no avail as their begin resulted to a violent suppression by the Japanese. The leaders of the uprising had no choice but to either leave the country or nip Japanese rule ( Hart-Landsberg, 1989). Ethnic Groups In South KoreaSouth Korea is considered as one of the worlds most ethically homogenous nations. Koreans descended from the neolithic people who migrated to the Korean Peninsula from the northeastern portion of mainland Asia (Peterson, n. d). Consisting the biggest minority group in South Korea are people with Chinese descendants. Local residents include an change magnitude number of foreign nationals, including migrant workers from South and southeast Asia, entrepreneurs, diplomats, and other professionals from different parts of the world (Peterson, n. d).

Bitter Strawberries Essay

In feel we must savor the cloying and endure the bitterly challenges, when it comes to accommodating to a perilous situation. An ongoing state of warf atomic number 18fare on terror is exacting a heavy emotional monetary value on families and other individuals that are in danger due to universe surrounded by an atrocious milieu that involves war. The breeding of apprehensive individuals has neer been an easy one to live, with frequent upheavals of the individuals and very teensy sense of control over their lives. Perpetually living around brutality, destruction, and emphasis links individuals into obtaining bundles of emotions to a current extent.From a psychoanalytic point-of-view, war affects society in a way that is painful the war engenders a deep effect on other individuals lives as well as their perceptions and obtained views from the devastating experience of the surrounded surroundings fulfilled with hatred, mischievousness, and depravity. As war increases in brutality to a certain extent, societys aspects are intensely affectedthis issue contribute result in the destroying of land, culture, and other tangible aspects.A poem, Bitter Strawberries, written by Sylvia Plath, is a sardonic way of describing a war that have go acrossred in Russia. While this bite finishers little insight into human nature, it portrays some immobile images, even though disconnected and often jarring. All morning in the strawberry field the verbaliser sets the scene by di stay putuishing herself and one or more companions from the women who are talking about the Russians. one particular parole that stood out the most wi clear the first two lines was the Russians. This specific cue stick can enhance an individuals interpretation and observation of the secluded message wi slight the poem. In history Russia was known for its dangerous, malicious war and obtaining the characteristic of being destructive of society, so this particular clue could be conveyed within the message as of being the poems publication of an atrocious war occurring that is gradually destroying the environment as well as many inhabitants sweet side of life, which turns into complete rancour. Horseflies buzzed, paused and stung and the audition of strawberries turned thick and sour. Why did the taste of strawberries turned thick and sour? Had they tasted thin and sweet before the horseflies stung or perhaps before the message of the Soviet-American Cold War relations had been broached? The disconnect between the horseflies and the taste of berries is jarring and obstructs any real meaning of and purpose for this three-line versagraph. Certain literary devices were used to convey the meaning of the poem, by catching the proofreaders interest.One of the devices that were used in this particular poem was Symbolism. The literary poem contains symbolisation because the bitter strawberries displays the overall mood of the Russian society as a whole. Strawberrie s are sweet but can lead to bitterness which portrays the breeze of the war. The world of Russia was tranquilent and quiet, but when the war occurred it led to bitterness and despair. Imagery was contained in the poem when it states that the horseflies buzzed, paused, and stung. Stung is a feeling that was obtained from others in society as if they were real(a)ly stung by an insect ,but it was a feeling of pain obtained by the negative atmosphere of war Sylvia uses horseflies sting as a way of comparing the inflicting pain of an insect to an actual emotion that were felt by others in the poem. She stood up a thin commanding figure, in faded dungarees. Businesslike she asked us, How many quarts? She recorded the come in her notebook, and we all turned back to picking. By this point the reader is wondering when the point of it all entrust be made and how the speaker will tie all the loose ends together.The last stanza Kneeling over the rows, we reached among the leaves with qui ck practiced hands, cupping the berry protectively before snapping off the stem between thumb and forefinger. The reader will experience a profound disappointment expecting the final stanza to save this piece. Instead of offering anything about a resolution, the speaker simply describes the act of picking strawberries. The emotion crumb the countrys bitterness of fighting another country automatically affects societys sweetness and joy being drained into a pool of woe, sorrow, and despair.Since a war is occurring between two opposing forces, the countries whitethorn not like each other due to a contrary religious beliefs, race,etc. From a Feminist point-of-view the bitter strawberries represents the sweet females that have been hag-ridden and dominated by the men of their Russian society as a way of practicing their religious belief the women may feel beaten spile and helpless to a certain extent, which leads them to feeling unwanted, worthless, and the abuse turns them into a bitter human being, because no man have appreciated their sweet characteristic.From a Psychoanalytic point-of-view, the individual within the poem signifies the bitter strawberries as a way of comparing his/her attempted mistakes, cruel life, and harsh treatments from others. Experiencing something that is imposed as being dangerous to society can carry the process of gained perceptions or views of the experience. Emotions are portrayed among this topic because in order to sense the world and observe every negative/positive aspect, some feeling has to occur to make these assumptions upon a life experience.To a certain extent war does affect a persons views and perceptions obtained from a point-of-view to a life situation because if the effect is characterized as being bad, then the individual will build some form of hatred against every common piece of life that involves other countriestherefore the morals and ethics behind the perceptions are transformed into a new state of mind. The little girl with black eyes was fulfilled with a terror emotion because of the nefarious environment that she was surrounded by this prime example represents the title above, the sweet girl that is filled with sweetness concludes at the end of the poem with a bitterness feeling because of fear. Until one have experienced this anguished situation, he/she does not know how it feels to automatically lose the sweetness of life to the cold, crucial life of bitterness.

Do Soap Operas reflect life in the 21st Century? Essay

Soap operas atomic number 18 truly popular. on the whole(a) ages watch slashs, from young children to retired grandp bents. People argon interested in soaps because they shine tone in the twenty-first century. They reflect life in the 21st century by do the characters seem objective and by making he setting alike an average town or lot of town.I sound off that soaps be popular because they offer a pass off for volume to escape from the real reality. Soaps practice lots problems seem small. People count on that their problems gouge never be as toughened as volumes problems in soaps because characters in soaps shake such extreme problems which makes people feel a little better close themselves. An opposite reason that people like soaps is because it conveys society in a spectacular way, they cut out all of the small talk and everyday routines which nobody is interested in.Most people atomic number 18 interested in other peoples business and know that soaps aren t real. The way soaps are made give it any(prenominal) reality so watching soaps is the same as knowing other peoples business tho soaps mix the extreme with everyday life.As the soap characters problems are dramatic and usually major, people become absorbed into the story and soaps usually close with a cliffhanger, which leaves you with half a story so that you will have to watch the next episode(s) to find out how the story ends.Soaps have numerous different characteristics, which are peculiar such as the fact that the acquaint is ongoing the only repeats are on channels such as UK gold. The characters have peculiar characteristics too. The characters are extreme. They are extremely nice people in soaps and then there are evil people. The characters withal go away things very quickly. Things that happened two months ago arent mentioned now. Soaps are like a microcosm, the problems are bigger than usual and more focused on. The characters problems are also never ending, as s oon as one ends another begins or a new problem arises at the worst possible cadence.Compared to a drama there are no central characters, a a few(prenominal) peripheral characters, and the setting is always the same, there is no travelling away(p) the setting.I think that soaps for fill a social purpose because when people watch sops they know that they dont wish some of the things that happen on soaps to happen to them. People may subconsciously assimilate messages about life, for example teenage pregnancy. If a teenager has seen the consequences of unsafe awaken perhaps they wont make the same mistake. On the other hand people may think that things that happen in soaps can never happen to them.The language in Eastenders tries to be realistic. Because it is a soap this is impossible to make it the same as real life speech. The reasons for this are time and the fact that it would make the soaps boring. People in soaps dont talk about the weather because its not what people pa uperism to hear. Characters in soaps dont stutter or hesitate because it wastes time as there is only half-hour to squeeze everything in. Characters dont swear as much as they would in real life because of the time it is shown. The way soaps try to be realistic is by apply some slang, having background noise and the use of accents although some accents are on the face of it put on, It also isnt very realistic because speech is very structured. Everybody has immediate responses in soaps and that isnt how the real world works.Different soaps are aimed at different people hardly generally speaking soaps are aimed at teenagers and families. I can tell this because of the times soaps are shown at, the characters in soaps and the issues in soaps. There are all sorts of characters in Eastenders and issues about teens and about adults. It is on after people get home from work further before children go to bed. This information shows that Eastenders is a family soap.Soaps change with th e times so I can see changes in soaps in the future. Soaps change because the world changes. The big issues in the world are reflected in soaps so as the worlds problems change, soaps change.Soaps can also teach us morals such as things can only get better. Characters in soaps are strong teaching us to be strong. When bad things happen to bad characters its showing us that people get their just desserts.I think that soaps cant really affect our lives unless you are easily influenced but it can affect our lives in the way I mentioned earlier. It can make us more aware of problems and make us not want to be in that situation.Since working on this my attitude towards soaps has changed a little. Im not a big fan of soaps but doing this render has made me a little interested in soaps. This may be because Im more aware of what goes on in soaps.In my opinion soaps do reflect life in the 21st century because they have the same problems as real life people but it isnt realistic because if it were too real people wouldnt be interested. This is why the characters are more extreme and why there are a lot more problems for one character than in real life.

Inclusion Equal Opportunities And Diversity Education Essay Essay

In twenty-first century check way of lifes, on that point ar more and more minorren coming from much more diverse backgrounds. Teachers pick out(p) to teach these children with effective teaching methods and must(prenominal) therefore remove pedagogical approaches that deepen their cultural ground. Many of these children sustain a range of ability in language, abilities and culture. Centre for Studies on comprehensive Education (CSIE) stated that teachers must employ not only theoretically sounds but also culturally responsive pedagogy.Teachers must create a classroom culture where all children, regardless of their cultural or lingual backgrounds atomic number 18 welcomed and supported and provided with the best learning opportunity. What is inclusion body? inclusive statement is concerning equality and human rights. Inclusion is more than an understanding and a constitution requirement. It is on the subject of respect and values which welcomes smorgasbord in the c lassroom and a wider part of society.The inclusion statement n the National broadcast (DfEE/QCA 1999) stated that diametricaliation from a wide manikin of involve and the mean of lessons to ensure access and participation was part of normal teaching. This point was just emphasised by Overall & Sangster (2007) saying that it is to the highest degree carry throughing the different needs of as many children as possible in mainstream schooling. What are equal opportunities? Equal opportunities are about being comprehensive and bewitching in the substance you deal with all children. Treating all children the alike is not enough.Overall & Sangster (2007) define fair to be when the teacher meets the needs of any child as far as they push aside. What is alteration? Diversity is something that is graceful more and more popular in the classroom. In simple terms, diversity just means that are is a variety of different types of children in the classroom. Not only is it a profess ional standard to arrive an understanding of the cultural diversity in their class but it is also a legal requirement ( kidskinren Act, 1989, 2004), but are these legal requirements being met? be these evident in schools?Figures from the Department for Children, Schools and Families show that last year motto the biggest year-on-year increase in disciples from ethnic minorities. Across the country, they accounted for almost 22% in 2007 compared to 20. 6% in 2006. From these figures it is clear to see that inclusion, equal opportunities and diversity are part of the norm classroom and need to be therefore intercommunicate appropriately. I will now discuss what it means for a school to be inclusive and if a school is effective does it mean that it has to be inclusive as well? I will also quality at barriers to learning and how they are overcome.School Inclusion It is important for schools to be inclusive. Hayes (2004) believes that inclusion is best understood as an object lens, aspiration or even a philosophy, rather than as a set of techniques that can be applied to a situation. It is important for a school to aim to be inclusive to every unity in the school, whether this is towards children, teachers or some other members of staff. Inclusion tends to be regarded as the right thing to do and it is this moral imperative than practically makes teachers feel guilty about saying anything negative about inclusive policies and practices.It is important to remember that a positive attitude to inclusion has an invasion on the process of developing inclusive teaching strategies (Halliwell, 2003). As a trainee teacher, it is important for me to understand that inclusion is a process that is influenced by a number of different factors and has a different meaning for everyone involved. From experience, I have seen inclusion being carried out. This occurred during assembly when the whole school came together for their Friday solemnisation assembly. During this a ssembly, birthdays were announced and the children came to the front.All teachers and children joined in with singing golden birthday while as the same time signing it. This was a lovely experience to observe. The school as a whole were including everyone. Although there are many different indicators of inclusion to reflect on much(prenominal) as policies, practises and experiences of individuals learning, it is also my aim to carry these out. Such policies include Inclusive Schooling (DfES 2001b). This document provides practical advice to schools and LEAs on the inclusion framework and sets out seven principles of an inclusive learning service.The Every Child Matters Policy (DfES 2003, 2004a, 2004b) has according to Arthur, Grainger and Wray (2006) served to set nurtureal inclusion within the broader mount of radical change in the whole system of childrens service including explicitly shifting from intervention to prevention with services working together more effectively. Th e overall aim of Every Child Matters is to surmount the number of children who experience groomingal failure, engage in offending or antisocial behaviour, suffer from ill health or become juvenile parents (DfES 2003).The Every Child Matters aims are said to be at the optic of Children Act 2004 (Arthur, Grainger and Wray 2006). Finally, according to Overall and Sangster (2007) the idea of an inclusive school is one that will meet the needs of many savants in a variety of ways within special classes, through support for individuals, differentiation in the curriculum and carefully thought through teaching, is an exciting idea. This is something that I should really develop as part of my philosophy of inclusive education. BarriersInclusion is about looking for ways of reducing the barriers to learning that may exist for children who deliver more challenging circumstances. Prejudice and stereotyping are often significant in creating and maintaining these barriers (Overall and Sangs ter 2007). Within The National Curriculum (DfEE/QCA 1999) three principles were set out to develop a more inclusive education. Within these principles, the third is to overcome potence barriers to learning and assessment for individuals and group of pupils.These groups of pupils can range from SEN to EAL to Gifted and Talented. Overcoming barriers is progress emphasised in Inclusive Schooling (DfES 2001b) with one of the principles stating schools, local education authorities and others should actively seek to remove barriers to learning and participation. Overcoming authority barriers to learning and assessment is relevant to all children who have already been set to have an emotional, mental or physical need.Teachers must plan to meet these needs and also the needs of the rest of the class at the same time. One method of doing this is to pair a pupil with EAL with a pupil who is good at English. Peer encouragement is a great way of encouraging talk. I witnessed an example with an emotionally vulnerable child. This particular child was getting frustrated and upset when they couldnt do their times tables because other pupils around the table were counting aloud and therefore interfering with this pupils train of thought.To resolve this problem, the pupil was sent into a quieter room where there was full concentration of the subject. As a trainee teacher, I need to plan my lessons which overcome barriers which I may face in delivering a lesson or scheme of work. Conclusion Schools should all have an inclusion, equal opportunities and diversity policy in place and one that is being actively carried out by all pupils and members of staff. It is important that I am positive about the right for all children to be valued and to receive the best education available for them.This can be serve welled by implementing and receiving guidance from local education authorities or attending extra training days. From reading I have learnt to develop my own pedagogy with re gard to inclusion, equal opportunities and diversity. As a training professional I have a odd opportunity to contribute to developing my own personal practice and help with developing policies with other colleagues. My aim now is to need all the needs of the children who I will be teaching both on spatial relation now and in the future with my own class of children.

Much Ado About Nothing Essay

In the play, Much Ado About Nothing, by William Shakespeare, Shakespeare introduces the fictional character Claudio. Count Claudio is characterized as a gullible, naive and immature. Throughout the play, Claudio is placed in situations which die his level of maturity. By the end of the play, he is still a carefree, foolish boy who has non come to terms with his own faults-such as almost ruining Heros reputation. From the beginning to the end of the play, Claudio exhibits childlike behavior, which does not change.Through his depiction of Claudios interaction with Hero, Leonato and benedict, Shakespeare criticizes that in reality, take down for people as naive as Claudio, people get what they pauperization because of their situation. In the beginning of the play, come in John and Barachio tell Claudio that Hero is creation wooed by bust Pedro, and his immediate reaction is to believe that it is true. As break Pedro agrees to woo Hero for Claudio, it seems to Claudio that Don Pedro is pleading for himself. The Prince woos for himself, he says (2. 1, 172). For Claudio, friendship is aeonian in all other things save in office and affairs of love (2. 1, 173-174).The nature of all is fair in love and state of war should warn the reader that Claudio thinks with an sometime(a) nature about male contestation for wo custody. The misunderstanding is in brief forgotten when Don Pedro assures Claudio that he was truly suit of clothes Hero for Claudio and not for himself. Claudio takes Hero dorsum and says, lady you are mine, I am yours (2. 1, 301-303). Claudio easily forgives and forgets and makes himself look foolish by taking her back so quickly. His immaturity is revealed by the speed of forgiveness. Shakespeare mocks reality in a sense that stock-still though he acts like a child, a woman like Hero will still love him.However, Claudio does not learn from his rash judgework forcet of Don Pedro. When Don John subsequent accuses Hero for sleeping with an other(prenominal) man, Claudio is again quick to think that cudgel of Hero. Claudio tells Leonato that Hero is a rotten orange (4. 1, 32). By referring to Hero as a piece of rotten fruit, Claudio implies that what was once sweet and pure is direct spoiled and lustful. Just as Eve was tempted by fruit in the Garden of Eden that turned out to be evil, Claudio was first off attracted and wherefore forced away by the crude Hero. After slandering his daughter, Leonato is more evoke at Hero than at Claudio. tear down after beingness so idiotic and stupid, Claudio wins the woman of his dreams a woman who he scolds and takes him back. At first and before considering other possibilities, Leonato seams to point his finger at Hero for being the one who ruin everything not Claudio. Considering what happens, it can be inferred that Shakespeare is mocking the bringing close together that men with a emplacement such as Claudio get what they want, even if they make a big mistake such as sn iffy and ruining a girls life. Claudio not only slanders Hero, just now Leonato, too.To Leonatos face, Claudio makes a big show of think ofing his age, but its unaccented from this comment that Claudio does not understand what it means to have great lever for someone. Claudio says, We had like to have had out two noses snapped off with two old men without teeth (5. 1, 128-129). Age doesnt seem to command respect for Claudio he approaches it more as a weakness than a lawsuit for reverence, which is immature of him. Its another strike against Claudios character, and Shakespeare does this to portray that even when he shows slackness to someone of high standards, he still gets what he wants in the end.After Claudio slanders Hero, he joins the conversation between Leonato and Leonatos brother. Claudio today insults Leonato by fleering and jesting at him (5. 1, 65). Though Claudio claims that he never lays his hand upon his sword, Leonato claims that he is under privilege of age to brag (5. 1, 60 67). By stretchability for his sword, Claudio is attempting to intimidate and undermine Leonato to reveal that he is more powerful and a reform man than Leonato. However, Leonato knows that it is not true, and he tells Claudio to stop being a fool.The undercut actions of Claudio towards Leonato is a direct way in which Shakespeare reveals his immaturity and disrespect towards his elders. Even though he is disrespectful and cruel to twain Leonato and Hero, Leonato allows Claudio to espouse his daughter. Claudios events with Benedick are also a way in which Shakespeare depicts Claudio to be an immature boy. When Benedick challenges Claudio, he thinks that it is a joke. Benedick tells Claudio that he wants to fight him in a dull, and says to Don Pedro that he should give Benedick another staff because the last one was broke cross (5. 1, 151-152).Claudio makes fun of Benedick for looking so angry and for seemingly having lost his ability to wittily reply to his jests . The immaturity among the men by Claudio is to insult the ways of men, and how status is the only thing that matters because, in the end, Claudio gets Beatrice for himself. Benedick finally thanks Don Pedro and informs him that Don John has fled Messina. He then turns to Claudio and tells him they will meet soon to fight. Don Pedro states that Benedick is in earnest about his challenge (5. 1, 206).Claudio sardonically replies that it is for the love of Beatrice (5. , 208). Even after having someone as highly be as Don Pedro telling him that Benedick is serious about the dull, and that Don John is responsible for Heros death, Claudio makes a sarcastic remark back claiming that he is only fighting for Beatrice and does not think to parent what Benedick says about Don John. His inconsiderate remarks and vagueness of his awareness are both ways of Shakespeare mocking men. The childish antics in Shakespearean times is caused by the young age that men and women are forced to be hook up with at. Claudio, at this point, still has not grown up.Shakespeare uses Claudio to mock that in reality, because of his status and the fact that he is a male, he gets is allowed to marry Hero, without any opposition of Benedick. Throughout the play, Claudio makes immature mistakes that are used to criticize that in reality, men as stupid as Claudio still get what they want found on status. In life, men tend to have a mitigate status than most women because people base status on sex. Claudio had better treatment than Hero throughout the play with both Leonato and Don Pedro, Prince of Argon.In the end, none of his events with Hero, Benedick, or Leonato come out. The three people also conciliate to leave him alone without another confrontation. Today, men and women get married at a later age, when they are mature enough to be married. Even so, status definitely plays a major role in nightspot today in a sense that the higher a mortals status, the more likely they will get wh at they want. That is what Shakespeare is trying to reveal that in reality, even as long ago as his time, men and women get what they want based on their status in the world.

Persuasive Essay: Men and Women are not Equal Essay

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WeekOneTeamWorkEditTwo

If your sample text does not contain NY of the represents listed below, please indicate that as you complete the table. scratch Book Name Picture Graph (How and when introduced) Bar Graph marches Graph Circle Graph Other Kindergarten Sahara, J. , & Clement, D. H. (2006). Mathematics in kindergarten. (5 De. , Volvo. 61, p. 38). pro Quest Central. Data analysis is part of kindergarten and includes graphing. Children in kindergarten use distinguishable kinds of photographs to represent the answer to a question. Picture Graphs are also utilize to represent the answers to questions. at that place Were no bars graphs introduced in this excerpt from the defend. Although through still research learned that bar graphs are introduced in second grade. There were also no line graphs utilise in this book excerpt. In further research I found that line plots were beginning to be taught in the second grade. There was no mention of circle graphs in this excerpt. In doing further research t hough found that circle graphs are beginning to be introduced in the fifth grade. Geometric shapes are learned. What is a circle?Where do we see circles in everyday life? set shapes together to make other shapes. Transformations, symmetry, measurements, and patterns are also introduced in kindergarten. 4 Hake, Stephen & Saxon, John. (2004) Saxon Math 5/4 Student Edition The forecast graph is the first one to be introduced in this book although it is universe reviewed because it was introduced in a previous grade. This particular book collected info from the students about which type of pabulum they liked most and used pictures of the food to represent that number.The bar graph was introduced after the picture graph. The information used in the picture graph was transferred to a bar graph to order the students the same information in a different format. The line graph was introduced at the end of third grade, but not in lots detail. In this edition, the line graph is used to di splay a persons top side from birth to ID years of age. The circle graph, also known as a pie chart or graph, was introduced after the line graph. The example in the book was someone keeping track and showing how they spend their day.

Bruce Lee Speech

EARLY LIFE Bruce was born in San Franciscos Chinatown. * His father was a famous opera singer and film instrument and 1941 they moved back to china which was then occupied by the Japanese. * The Hong Kong realm downwind grew up in became over-crowded, dangerous, and full of gang rivalries it was a unsound place to grow up. Gangs ruled the city streets and downwind was often laboured to fight them. Bruces street fighting began to escalate * Eventually, Lees father decided for him to hand Hong Kong to pursue a safer and healthier avenue in the United States natural Life in America While in the United Lee abandoned thoughts of a film career in favor of act militant arts but a soldierlike arts sight on Long beach led to the invitation for the role of Kato in the kilobyte Hornet and many other movies including the big Boss which was a big mastery and catapulted him to stardom. Followed by Fist of Fury and Way of the Dragon where he was given up complete control of the films production as the writer, director, star, and choreographer of the fight scenes. * In 1964 Lee had met Karate champion Chuck Norris. * In the movie Way of the Dragon He introduced Norris as his opponent in the final death fight.Today considered one of Lees more or less legendary fight scenes and one of the most memorable fight scenes in martial arts film history Essentially bruce lee became preoccupy with martial arts and fitness FITNESS AND NUTRITION * HIs interpretation of memory in shape was constant daily workouts. His workout consisted of three categories martial arts sparring, weight training, and extensive AB training. * The workout first consists of hours upon hours of martial arts sparring. Secondly, a series of heavy weight training of his principal(prenominal) muscles. Finally, is his extensive workout towards his ABs. Bruce Lees favorite muscle was his ABs and whenever he had time, such as watching TV, he would do sit-ups or crunches. Bruce Lee had what most multit ude called washboard ABs and was not afraid to show it, you can see this in almost every fight scene he had in his films. * forcible FEATS Lee could land a punch in around quintuplet hundredths of a second (0. 05 second) from 3 feet away * Lee could snatch a dime off a persons open palm before they could scraggy it, and leave a penny behind * Lee performed one-hand push-ups using merely the thumb and index fingerBruce not only took care of his body by working out but as well as having a proper nutrition. Lee took nutrition seriously and his diet consisted high-protein drinks, vitamins, mineral supplements, jet veggies and fruit every day. UNFORTUNATELY HE SUFFERED A SUDDEN oddment ON DEATH AND LEGACY * On July 20, 1973, just one month before the premiere ofEnter the Dragon, Bruce Lee died in Hong Kong at the bestride of 32. The official cause of his sudden and unexpected death was a creative thinker edema, found in an autopsy to have been caused by a unconnected reaction t o a prescription painkiller he was reportedly fetching for a back injury.Controversy surrounded Lees death from the beginning, as some claimed he had been murdered. Summary * Bruce Lee, pound for pound, was arguably the greatest whiz of our time. Twenty-four years after his death, he remains the standard by which all other fighters are measured. His passion, skill, charisma, philosophy, and innovative martial arts concepts brought him world(a) acclaim incredibly, all by the age of 32. In such a short span, Lee managed to accomplish more than most of us forget ever achieve in our lives.