Breast Cancer Gene Mutations Biology Essay

chest crabby somebody Gene Mutations Biology EssayBreast Cancer affects virtually 1 in 4 women in the United States each year. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Breast raftcer is a row of genus Cancer that originates in the tissues of the titty. Using the la ravel technology researchers entertain determined that there is a specific line of constituents linked to white meat crab louse, chest crab louse (BRCA) 1 and BRCA 2 divisors. The ability to screen out a affected role for these bureau poopcer constituents will help lead to offend diagnosis and treatment for those with the gene.Often meet crab louse will kale from a single abnormal cell that grows into a benign tumour (Mader123). The tumor originates in the milk duct, where an extra lining of cells is formed that fills the ducts, this is cognize as ductal carcinoma. A nonher form, lobular carcinoma is when the crabby person begins in the lobules, which ar the glands that e ngender the milk. Breast bedcer is most common in womanlys however, males can excuse pick out nipple cancer. In women it is recommended to be screened for detractor cancer via egotism-importance examination or mammograms, depending on age. Women who argon over the age of deucescore argon recommended to name a mammogram done every one to deuce age. Age is a nonher stake because as a person gets older their find increases. Race and ethnicality is another rule factor white women be more at put on the line for breast cancer than African American women. Only about 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases are thought to be hereditary, resulting directly from gene defects inherited from a produce (cancer.org).Breast cancer can be classified by all BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene, which defines the mutation of the breast cancer gene. This form of breast cancer is considered contractable, which is when one dominate gene is granted onto subsequent generations and can result in the BRCA 1 o r BRCA 2 gene. There are genes that can help with deoxyribonucleic acid repair, but in this case it is not a damaged gene it is mutated and cannot be repaired. Females who are heterozygous for the BRCA 1 mutation bear a high schooler(prenominal) risk of getting breast cancer.The gene loci for BRCA 1 gene can be base on the 27th chromosome, it is known as a tumor suppressor gene that provides the blueprint for protein that breaks cellular growth**. Families who surrender history of breast and ovarian cancer have a strong come onrence of the BRCA1 gene and as a result there is a high risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Individuals that do have a family history of breast and ovarian cancers lam to acquire these cancers at a young age or acquire the more aggressive forms.The gene loci for the BRCA 2 gene is found on the 13th chromosome although breast cancer is rare in men, this gene tends to affect males at a higher rate. The gene for BRCA 2 is not expressed as often as BRCA 1, and families who behave this gene tend to be at a lower risk for developing cancer. work force who carry the BRCA 2 mutations are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer by age 70. Breast cancer is more commonly found in families with high male and female breast cancer occurrences. Breast cancer can also be related to ethnic gumptionground and specifically families who are of Jewish decorous tend to be more likely to develop breast cancer due to a high mutation rate.Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in diametrical ethnic groups in theU.S.BRCA1Asian American0.5%African AmericanAfrican American1.3-1.4%CaucasianCaucasian (non-Ashkenazi Jewish)2.2-2.9%Hispanic3.5%Ashkenazi Jewish8.3-10.2%Adapted from discipline Cancer Institute materials5.Figure Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in different ethnic groups in the U.S. (komen.org) This table shows the percentages of the different ethnic groups and their chance of developing the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.Men or women who a re considered to be at high risk for breast cancer have the option to be tested. A person is considered to be at high risk if there are two or more family members that have had breast or ovarian cancer. The test for the breast cancer gene is a blood test that checks the DNA to see if there is a mutation in the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene. A positive result of this test means that the patient has inherited the mutated gene. It is not definitive that the patient will get breast cancer as it requires unidentified environmental factors in order for the cancer to develop. However, a positive result means that the patient can pass the mutated gene to their children. If a person receives a negative result of having the breast cancer gene, it does not necessarily mean that they are not at risk for breast cancer, it means that they do not have the gene. In fact, 90 to 95 percent of breast cancer is not a result of BRCA 1 or BRCA 2, and 5 to 10 percent of women have the heredity factor of breast c ancer (Schnipper221). Also, The child of a get up who has a positive gene has a 50 percent risk of inheriting the mutation (Schnipper223).Testing for a genetic inheritance of the gene can be very helpful for families to know if they are carrying the mutated gene, and it can also be upsetting to the families who are affected. If a test comes back positive for the gene it will put other members of the family at risk for carrying the gene. Breast cancer heredity is very rare and it does not occur in every family. Age and ethnic background play a huge role in determining if you have a higher risk of carrying the gene. If a Jewish woman younger than 40 has breast cancer, there is about a 33% chance that they will be a carrier of the gene. While those who are not Jewish and have breast cancer before 30 have a 12% chance of having a mutation (Love108). This illustrates that the genetic test is not a good determinant of risk for cancer. Positive results from the breast cancer test have a f ew options to lower their risk of getting breast cancer. Patients can choose to be monitored closer by their makes for breast cancer signs by having frequent breast exams, mammograms, MRIs, ultrasounds, blood tests, and also by self examination. A more aggressive step could be having prophylactic surgery, such(prenominal) as a double mastectomy. The surgery is a quite origin surgery and is not a common choice.Research has indicated that those who carry every the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation can lower their risk of getting the cancer by keeping up with a physical, healthy lifestyle and by breastfeeding. Although that whitethorn not work on everyone, it has shown to help with some patients who carry the mutation. There is not much that can be done to keep the chances of getting breast cancer besides radical surgery. There are other factors such as carrying the mutated breast cancer gene that can elevate the risk of getting breast cancer, a second main(a) cancer, which is a second breas t tumor that is not related to the first off tumor, can also show an increased risk of occurring with patients who carry the mutation. For BRCA1/2 carriers, the chance of a contralateral breast cancer 10 years after diagnosis of the first cancer is about 18 to 30 percent compared to about 10 percent for breast cancer survivors without a BRCA1/2 mutation (komen.org).Surgery, radiation therapy, tamoxifen, and chemotherapy are the most commonly utilize treatments for breast cancer. The treatment that is used depends on the type and severity of the cancer. A patient will go over the options that work best for them with their doctor to help get the best treatment. Two other surgeries that are performed depending on the patients cancer are Lumpectomy, and Mastectomy. Lumpectomy is a surgery that removes only the cancerous testicle from the breast. Mastectomy is removal of the entire breasts to remove the cancer and the tissue that surrounds it. Men and women who have breast cancer as a result of a genetic mutation will go through the same treatments. A patient who has a genetic mutation of breast cancer does not have their own treatment plan. Although they can take precautions to help prevent their chance of developing breast cancer, there is no different treatment if they do have breast cancer.Only five to ten percent of breast cancer patients in the United States are linked to a high risk genetic mutation (komen.org). Men and women who inherited the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene, do not make up the population of those who foregather from breast cancer. Having a genetic mutation is not the only route for a patient to receive breast cancer, there are umteen other aspects. There are chances that getting breast cancer may be genetically linked, but there is still research organism conducted to investigate the occurrence of breast cancer.

Language Relativity Hypothesis

phraseology surmise of relativity Hypothesis lingual communication theory of relativity Hypothesislinguistic Relativity Hypothesis Does Language Affect pop out Thoughts?Abstract gum benjamin lee(prenominal) Whorf and his teacher and mentor Edward Sapir contriveed the theory that verbiage affects our surveys and perceptions. This theory proposes that thither is a clayatic traffichip mingled with the grammar of a speech communication a person speaks and how that person both actualize the world and be shakes in it. Today linguists now call that theory the lingual Relativity Hypothesis, or Whorf-Sapir Hypothesis. Studies have not conclusively proven Whorfs and Sapirs theory, however, in that location is intriguing data to support their idea. Does Language Shape our Thoughts?Most human being communicate with each other finished language. At this sentence, there is popular opinion to be over 5000 contrastive languages in rehearse today, and most be quite una kindr ed from each other (Stanford encyclopedia, n.d.). The relationship among language and thought is an important question in Cognitive accomplishment. Do speakers of different languages entail differently around the world? This question has been attracting conceive ofers from Plato to Whorf, but despite often times attention and debate, definitive settles have not been forthcoming. Benjamin Lee Whorf and his mentor and teacher Edward Sapir, examined the question of how language affects our thoughts, in their renowned and much considered linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. lingual relativity hypothesis/ Whorf-Sapir hypothesisLinguistic relativity or what is also referred to as the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis, was modernizeed by Benjamin Lee Whorf and was an expansion on his mentor, Edward Sapirs, theory that language has a seamless and establishmentatic nature and interacts at a wider level with thought and behavior (Yale University, n.d.). Whorf proposed that there is a systematic relationship between the grammar of a language a person speaks and how that person both understand the world and behaves in it (Whorf, 1956). The hypothesis postulates that a particular languages nature influences the habitual thought of its speakers that different language patterns yield different patterns of thought (Stanford encyclopedia, n.d.)Though there is no empirical proof of this hypothesis, there is convincing data to support this theory. In the past, the bulk of research was concentrated on supporting or disproving the Whorfs hypothesis, with very(prenominal) little in the buff research being done (Lucy, 1992). According to Lucy (1992) there is little experimental data that is able to disprove Whorfs theory, and they be questioned payable to the research methods apply (Lucy, 1992). However, in the expiry decade, Whorfs idea has taken on new enthusiasm within the linguist research community and new data is emerging that supports the original idea.Benjamin Lee Whorf According to the Linguistic department at Yale University (n.d.) Benjamin was an influential American linguist that setoff graduated maiden from the Massach personatts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1918 with a degree in chemical engineering. In 1931, Whorf changed focus and began studying his choler for linguistics at Yale University, where he first began developing his now storied hypothesis under his professor and mentor Edward Sapir.In 1936, Whorf was selected for an Honorary seek Fellowship in Anthropology at Yale and received the Sterling Fellowship in 1937. He was a lecturer in Anthropology from 1937 through 1938 in the theatre of operations of linguistics. Whorf focus was Linguistic Anthropology, Psychological Linguistics, Mayan hieroglyphics and a dictionary of Hopi languages (Yale Linguistics, n.d.). This is where he began to develop his ideas most language and our perceptions.Principle of Linguistic RelativityZhu Zhifang (2002) author of Linguistic relativity an d Cultural Communication, sh bes that while Whorf was investigated Hebrew, Aztec, Maya, Hopi and other unfamiliar languages, he find that these languages were structured differently from that of face and other European languages. Languages, with different collocations of semantic ideas index provide different segmentation of experience (Whorf, 1956 p. 56). Zhifang (2002) continues to clarify that Whorf put up a great lease of emphasis on the Hopi language.A language, he thought, had a grammar much to a greater extent complicated and subtle than that of the European languages. Whorf adage that experiences were segmented by language in a very different way, not unless by its lexicon but also by its grammatical organization. The notion of linguistic relativity is the suggestion that all ones life has been tricked by the structure of language into a certain way of perceiving reality, with the implication that aw beness of this trickery will enable one to see the world with br ight insight (Zhifang 2002, p.263). With a detailed description of the grammatical and semantic structure of the Hopi language, Whorf concludesAll this is an illustration of how language produces an organization of experience. We are inclined to think of language simply as a technique of showion, not to wee that language first of all is a classification and arrangement of the be adrift of sensory experience which results in a certain world order, a certain segment of the world that is easily expressible by the fictitious character of symbolic means that language employs. (Whorf, 1956, p. 55)Language Metaphysics (Philosophy)Eleanor Rosch (1987) explains in her paper, Linguistic relativity, and so on A Re legal opinion of General Semantics, that the average European languages uses objects (nouns) as the rudimentary unit of reality, which is composed of substance, form, and actions (verbs). All of which, Rosch (1987) describes, as existing in an objective, multidimensional spac e, and a one-dimensional uniform and perpetual flow of time, expressed in fate tense, that create our perceptions.Rosch (1987) come along explains that in his study of the Hopi language, Whorf discovered that they do not differentiate between objects and actions. Object and actions are more accurately described as so farts, different from each other gibe to a length of time. Instead of considering substance, motion, space, and time, Hopi grammar separates their world by two main beliefs about language, manifested (objective) and Un-manifest (Subjective) (Rosch, 1987). Manifested comprises all that is or has been accessible to the senses, and un-manifested is considered all that the Hopi call the future (Rosch, 1987).Zhifang (2002) takes Roschs ideas and further demonstrates that Whorf discovered the Hopi language functions entirely without tenses for its verbs and has no general understanding or perception of time and does not think of time as a linear continuum in which all in the world moves at an able rate. The Hopi language contains no words, grammatical forms, constructions or expressions referring directly to what Europeans call time, or to past, present, future, or to enduring or lasting . (Zhifang, 2002, p. 164).Rosch (1987) states that the metaphysics understood in the sentence structure of European languages, makes it reasonable to examine and evaluate sentences into, what we consider actions, and results of actions. However, according to Whorf, these ideas are gross distortions when used as units of analysis for various American Indian Languages. (Rosch, 1987).According to Rosch (1987), Whorf uses the example of how Indian languages translate into English as a demonstration of the differences in thought processes between the two languages. He uses Apache, It is a dripping spring is deciphered as As water, or springs, whiteness moves downward in English. Another example, in Shawnee, cleaning grinder with a ramrod is direct hollow moving dry spo t by movement of tool in English (Rosch, 1987).Zhifang (2002) sums up Roschs observations by stating that Whorf argued that either language conceals a metaphysics. (Zhifang 2002, p. 163) The Hopi language applies a philosophy unlike that of European languages. Zhifang, (2002) explains that the difference in concepts and abstractions associated with Hopi language make up a immaterial metaphysics from that of European languages. From the Western standpoint, this philosophy appears mystical in nature (Zhifang, 2002).They are ideas which we are accustomed to consider as part and parcel either of so-called animistic or vitalistic beliefs, or of those transcendental unifications of experience and intuitions of things unseen that are felt by the consciousness of the mystic, or which are accustomed out in mystical and (or) so-called occult systems of thought. These abstractions are in spades given either explicitly in wordspsychological or metaphysical termsin the Hopi language, or, ev en more, are implicit in the very structure and grammar of the language, as nearly as being observable in Hopi culture and behavior. (Whorf, 1956, p. 58-59).Whorf is not the only one who had this idea of cultural differences in language. Alfred Korzybski came to a comparable view of cultural differences in language, several years before Whorf. He explained that, culturally inherited structure of an individuals language, including his or her terminology, grammar, logic, semantics, doctrines, etcetera relates to assumptions, premises, implications about the structure of ourselves and the world. (Korzybski, 1933, p. 92). compose Alfred Korzybski (1933), in is article Science and Sanity, summed up the power of language wellWe do not realize what tremendous power the structure of a habitual language has. It is not an exaggeration to say that it enslaves us through the mechanism of semantic or evaluational reactions and that the structure which a language exhibits, and impresses upon us unconsciously is automatically projected upon the world around us (Korzybski, 1933, p. 90).Language and Thought As demonstrated through Whorfs observation of the Hopi language and the differences in semantics from European language, we see a pattern of information that gave rise to his hypothesis. However, Lera Boroditsky, professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (MIT), reminds us that a definitive answer to the questions does language shape thoughts?, has been a challenging task (Boroditsky, 2003). Not until the last decade, has research on language and thought gained new interest. As a result, new evidence has become available on peoples perspectives of space, time, and objects.Spatial differences in Language and ThoughtRemarkable differences in semantics have been observed in the way languages illustrate spacial locations. While most languages rely a great deal on relative spatial terms to express the relative locations of objects (left, right, appear, spur), Tze ltal, a Mayan language, relies largely on autocratic eccentric (a system similar to English compass north and to the south direction system) (Levinson, 1996) .Levinson (1996), points out that to the Tzeltal, spatial observations that are north are expressed as downhill and those south are expressed as uphill. This absolute uphill/downhill coming is the main system to express spatial relations between objects in Tzeltal. There is no corresponding equivalent to the English term front/back or left/right (Levinson, 1996). To test whether this difference between the two languages has cognitive consequences, Levinson (1996) created a study whereas Dutch and Tzeltal speakers were tested in spatial tasks. In one study, participants were seated at a duck and an arrow lay in front of them pointing either to the right (north) or to the left (south). Levinson (1996) explains how the arrows were rotated 180 degree to a second defer which had two arrows (one pointing to the left (north) an d one to the right (south), and were asked to identify the arrow like the one they saw before.The study reveled that Dutch speakers would choose the relative solution. make headway testing of Levinsons (1996) theory showed that if the arrow pointed to the right (and north), Dutch speakers would chose the arrow that unflustered pointed to the right (though this time it pointed south instead of the previous north).Tzeltal did precisely the reverse, and chose the absolute solution. Levinson (1996) confirmed that if the arrow direction was to the right (and north) Tzeltal speakers chose the arrow that still pointed north (though it now pointed left instead of right). Thus, explains Levinson (1996), the Tzeltal language relies a great deal on absolute reference in spatial description. It has also touch their understanding of a non-linguistic orientation task (Levinson, 1996).Time Differences in Language and Thought Languages also differ from one another on their use and understanding of time. While all languages use spatial expressions to address time (I will see you tomorrow, he was ahead of his time, he is behind in his homework), different languages use unique spatial terms (Boroditsky, 2001). He demonstrates how English primarily uses front/back vocabulary to talk about time, as evidence in terms much(prenominal) as we still have our vacation ahead of us, or that incident is behind us, or we are moving forward, or go back to the beginning and take your situation off before you enter. The language employed to organize events are the same(p) as those used to articulate asymmetric horizontal spatial relations (he is looking forward to tomorrow or the hard times are behind us) (Boroditsky, 2001, p. 2).According to Boroditsky (2001), the mandarin orange tree language also uses front/back spatial terms to describe time relationships such as the spatial term Xian (front) and Hou (back). What makes Mandarin remarkable is that the Mandarin language also consistentl y uses good metaphors to address time. The special word shang (up) and xia (down) are often used discuss the sequence of events roughly translated into English as last and contiguous (Boroditsky, 2001). Earlier events are utter to be shang (up) and later events are said to be xia (down). In summary, both the Mandarin and English language use horizontal terms to talk about time. In addition Mandarin speakers also use the vertical term shang and xia (Boroditsky, 2001). Boroditsky (2001) discusses how the English and Mandarin slipway of talking, lead to differences in how people think about time. Boroditsky (2001) analyzed a group of studies and discovered that Mandarin speakers tend to think about time vertically even when they are thinking for English. Boroditsky (2001) observed that Mandarin speakers could more rapidly confirm that March comes earlier than April, if they had just seen a vertical group of objects than if they had seen a horizontal arrangement. Boroditsky (2001) n oticed that the opposite was true for English speakers.Another study showed that the extent to which Mandarin-English bilinguals think about time vertically is related to how old they were when they first began to learn English. According to Boroditsky (2001), this last termination implies two things language is a convincing tool in the influence of thought and ones native language plays a role in geological formation habitual thought.Objects Languages also differ in how names of objects are classify into grammatical categories. Boroditsky (2001) uses the argument that a many languages use grammatical grammatical sex activity and unlike English, many languages use a grammatical gender system where all nouns (chair, socks and books) are assigned a gender. Languages that use grammatical gender are required to assign objects a gender role by using gendered pronouns and modifying adjectives or verbs to match gender use with nouns (Boroditsky, 2001). This effects the how a person thi nks about inanimate objects when assigned a gender. Boroditsky, together Michal Ramscar and Wendy Ham, conducted quadruple studies that suggests assigning grammatical genders to objects with language does influence peoples mental representations of objects (Boroditsky, Ham Ramscar, 2002).Spanish and German speakers were asked to rate similarities between pictures of people (male and female) and pictures of objects (the names of which had opposite genders in Spanish and German). Both groups rated grammatically feminine objects to be more similar to females and grammatically mannish objects more similar to males. This was true even though all objects had opposite genders in Spanish and German. It appears that even a thin fluke of grammar (the seemingly arbitrary assignment of a noun to be masculine or feminine) can have an effect on how people think about things in the world (Boroditsky, et al, 2002, p. 136)Summary Through Whorf study of languages, specially his interest in Nativ e Indian languages, he expanded on his mentors idea that language has a coherent and systematic nature to develop his now famous Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. He was not the first to propose the idea that language affects our thoughts and perception, but it is his hypothesis that inspired others such as Levisons research on spatial relationships and language, and Boroditskys study of language in relationship to objects and time, to continue the search to find answers for his assumptions. Additional investigation into linguistic relativity will eventually reveal the exact nature of the connections between language and cognitive function. These studies will help us to establish what might be the commonality of all human cognition.ReferencesBoroditsky, L. (2001). Does language shape thought? Mandarin and English speakersconception of time. Cognitive Psychology 43 (1) 1-22.Boroditsky, L., Ham, W. and Ramscar, M., (2002). What is universal about event perceptions?Comparing English an d Idonesian speakers. Proceedings of the 24th Annual clashing of the Cognitive Science Society. Retrieved August 20, 2008, from http//www.cogsci.rpi.edu/CSJarchive/Proceedings/2002/CogSci02.pdfKodish, B. (2003). What we do with language what it does with us. Etc A Review of GeneralSemantics, 60(4), 383-395. Retrieved August 20, 2008, from Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection database.Korzybski, A., 1994 (1933). Science and Sanity An introduction to non-aristotelian systemsand general semantics. Fifth Edition. Institute of general Semantics. Brooklyn, NYLevinson, S., (1996). Frames of reference and Molyneuxs question research into cross-linguistic evidence. In Bloom P and Peterson M (eds) Language and Space, pp. 109-169.Lucy, J. (1997). Linguistic relativity.Annual Review of Anthropology,26,291-312. RetrievedAugust 21, 2008, from Research Librarydatabase. (Document ID21752097).Rosch, E. (1987, Fall). Linguistic relativity, etc. A Review of General Semantics, 44(3), 254- 27 9. Retrieved August 20, 2008, from Education Research screw database.Stanford Encyclopedia, (n.d.). The Linguistic relativity hypothesis. Stanford University.Retrieved August 20, 2008, from http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/relativism/supplement2.htmlYale Linguistics, (n.d.), Benjamin Lee Whorf. Yale University. Retrieved August 22, 2008,from website http//www.ling.yale.edu/ account statement/whorf.html and http//www.ling.yale.edu/history/sapir.html.Whorf, B., (1956). Language, Thought, and Reality Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee WhorfEdited by Carroll, J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1998. Retrieved August 20, 2008, from http//books.google.com/books?id=W2d1Q4el00QCprintsec=frontcoverdq=Language,+thought+and+realitysig=ACfU3U0-0aOK_v3HYwbXt0FxR-AVFVaT0APPA1,M1Zhifang, Z. (2002, May). Linguistic Relativity and Cultural Communication. EducationalPhilosophy Theory, 34(2), 161-170. Retrieved August 22, 2008, doi10.1080/00131850120102231.

The Implementation Of Change Management In Maxis Information Technology Essay

The Implementation Of qualifying Management In Maxis Information Technology EssayMaxis be Malaysias lead telecoms company and market leader with a total spry predict subscriber menage of to a vaster extent than seven million, as at 31 December 2005. Maxis widen to enhance how people communicate and live with an majestic array of innovative returns and returnss. Maxis were the beginning(a) to rear 3G Connect Card, PC Webmail, depiction recording Mail and 3G prepaid. They atomic number 18 having signifi shadowertly outgrowthd the 3G service coverage since its for ward in July 2005, catering to more than 740 sites across Malaysia.The case study of Maxis was slightly the company taking a propagation shifts at the moderate worry (management team) to seemly the ch every last(predicate)enges of the competitors and the unpredict adequate to(p) demands of the global competitors in a rapid ever-changing and hostile environment.The study aims to analyze the implementation of tack in Maxis and making a shift to update telecommunication applied science from 2G to 3G. This was initiative interpreted by Maxis implementation of a generational shift in establish to be competitive in global market is still indeterminate as the highly competitive market is indeed a tortuous to overcome. This study discussed(a) The importance of alternate and the demand to be competitive.(b) The supremacy of implementing the sort process in Maxis (adopting and adapting the in the altogether technology)(c) Importance of organizational metamorphose in MaxisThe Wireless Industry felt that inventing 3G cyberspace was critical in sanctify to offer high-bandwidth function to their customers, or take chances losing come forward to their competitors. Third generation mobile phones (3G) ar at the introduction stage and a lucrative trend. Maxis were able to attain market leadership because its constant efforts towards developing a bodily culture which fostered in novation. It wasnt easy for Maxis to classictain market leadership in the ever-changing telecommunications industry.The vision and dedication of its key personnel exclusivelyowed Maxis to have a clear advantage over its competitors. Success and winning further comes by nature when the right people initiate and lead the charge to victory. The vision and commissioning of Maxis played a very outstanding role in nurture innovation for a company that aspires to be the best melodic themed on a set of levers that serves as a guiding normal in all its relationships, internally and externally, unifies and motivates its staff, translates clarity in its decision making, defines the mien it conduct care to the community (Maxis website, 2004).2.0 Change Management as a competitive advantage in MaxisTo excel in todays disdain climate, organizations must continually deliver a varied range of products and operate that extend high business value. Even the nigh winnerful enterprise s can implement failure because they unsuccessfully manage change in software development. With more demand than ever for IT (Information Technology) to quickly and accurately achieve and support in incorporatedd objectives, IT organizations must cope with a continuous barrage of changes-changes in product requirements, technology, development processes, and deployment environments.As a result, telecommunication companies can only successfully deliver bleak-madeer technology assets and applications to their current customers and attract new customer base through proactive management of change. The single, about constant chemical element in telecommunication companies is change (Becher, 1989). Telecommunication providing organizations and project teams must deal with promptly changing business and product requirements, development methodologies, delivery technologies, and application architectures.For Maxis, in that location are compelling reasons to believe that 3G network volition work slightly the skepticisms surrounding the technology and succeed. The 3-G network is broadband and 6 times fast-breaking than GPRS and three times faster than EDGE (Maxis Website). With its abilities to deliver video-based services, it opens the door to a brand new communications medium whereby the mobile experience is make more diverse, more interactive and more enjoyable than its technological predecessors.With set up of 3G in maxis, the telecom users go away be able to talk to separately different as well as to see each other face-to-face and overlap special moments as they happen. We get access to circumscribe especially live TV and video streaming that is more diverse, richer and a lot more engaging and overly very enhancing for the users.Adopting 3G, user can easy access to broadband connectivity on your mobile device and your lap lapse, anytime, anywhere and you dont have to look for Internet cables or phone lines ever a absorb. The great advantage o f 3G at this point is due to the low broadband service incursion currently. Above all, for mobile operators, 3G provides growth as the market for translator telephony matures. Data is set to rule the communications industry of the succeeding(a) and thus, 3G network would be a service to look forward to by customer in future day.The major benefits that Maxis provide be reaping by the proposed change management would be2.1 The pick out to reinvent the business as the business environment changesAs the competitive pressures increase, the company requests to rethink its business strategy and position in the value reach by lend both to differentiation and make up leader strategies is to simplify the value chain and move closer to customers through mobile services.2.2 The take up to be able to focus on the most differentiating activitiesMost operators still want to pit with new mobile services, content and portals. Extensive efforts are required to develop, launch and market with increasing time-to-market pressures and by being able to focus on these most differentiating activities is a significant benefit in view of a more complex technological environment in the future.2.3 The need to amend operational efficiencyAfter usual process optimization and competence development, the main source for cost efficiency is economies of descale. There is a need to increase the cost efficiency of basic technical trading operations disregarding of the operators competitive strategy. For very large operators and international operator groups, it is possible to gain significant economies of scale in-house. Small and medium sized operators should consider a managed service provider that could deliver benefits for their business by creating higher economies of scale on their behalf.2.4 The need to improve quality of services and operationsIf Maxis manages the operations and network well with necessary capacity increases and modernization, the quality of service le ad be meeting the customers expectations. However, the quality is unlikely to be a differentiating factor as all the operators can deliver the equal product. The new mobile services and applications provide excellent possibilities for quality differentiation and grabbing market share in a certain time window. The operators should make the most out of this with the chosen help of the experienced managed service provider.2.5 The need to manage technology and operational challengesIn traditional operator-vendor relationships, the operator has responsibility for deploying mobile services network technologies, billing and customer care readiness. This integration responsibility composite stake and managed services contract can be set up in a way to reduce this technology and operational risk by linking service providers incentives to operators business objectives. These drivers differ from one operator to other and each of these drivers needs to be considered carefully. Since outso urcing of technical operations is such a major change, it should be based on the correct and well considered reasons.3.0 promote successful change management in MaxisSuccessful management melioration efforts require the active involvement of managers and staff throughout the organization to provide ideas for improvements and supply the energy and expertness needed to implement changes. Employees at all levels of high-performing organizations participate in and have a stake in improving operational and political platform performance to achieve results. High-performing organizations use a derive of strategies and techniques to effectively involve employees, ie(1) Fostering a performance orient culture,(2) Working to develop a consensus with unions on goals and strategies,(3) Providing the training that staff need to work effectively, and(4) Devolving allowance while focusing accountability on results.Employees in high-performing organizations understand the importance of and th e connection between their performance and the organizations success. The failure to constructively involve staff in an organizations improvement efforts means running the risk that the changes bequeath be more difficult and protracted than necessary (Becher, 1989). The unhomogeneous flavors for a successful organizational change in Maxis were3.1 cast the coalition.Once we constitute the allegiance of what we want to our vision to be, the second step is to form a coalition of all stakeholders as well as both internal and external members of the organization. Its not only the senior management, besides it is everyone that is involved with the company as well.3.2 Envision the future (Implementation of 3G Pilot Launch) image the future is about painting a picture of what the firm is firing to look like when this journey and transformation are complete. Many item-by-items who are part of the team will have difficulty understanding what the changes that are attempted to incorpor ate into the business really mean. They are going to crave how the change is going to affect the company and, more importantly, each individual within the company.This explained the pilot launch in Klang valley during the 3rd imbibe of 2004. (The Star-In Tech, 22 June 2004). According to the news, Maxis Communications Bhd will initially roll out its 3G (third generation) mobile services in populated areas of the Klang Valley in the first 18 months to two years following its commercial launch by the end of 2004.Maxis revealed how, by offering these services, they would be able to grow significantly faster while providing the clients with a much higher value service, and this would create more opportunities for each of the stakeholders. At the same time, if they didnt change, they were going to fall ass in the industry, leaving fewer opportunities for employees, be glide path a less important partner in the financial advisors growth, and not doing all that they could in assisting the investors to achieve their financial goals. It was not a very tough decision for the stakeholders erst they had the information and time to confirm the vision.3.3 Begin the transformation.Successful change is a real challenge because no one reacts well to change besides the person that is driving it. When change comes, we all tend to immediately vomit up our hands up and try to figure out how to avoid it. Behaviorists break us that 80 percent of us are reactive thinkers who will do anything to avoid change. Twenty percent of us are original thinkers, meaning we initially try to avoid the change, but then come across and judge whether its a good change or a fearful change. If we think it is a good change we will incorporate it into our lives. If imaginative thinkers believe it is a change for the worse, they will just figure out ways to go around it.The only way to see to it that change occurs smoothly is to have a road map that outlines the process that will be incorpor ate into your firm to make it work for mutual benefit.3.4 institute it in the culture.Everything that was doing should be consistent with the commitment. For example, Maxis was constantly promoting 3G network advantage to their priceless customer over the country during the initial launch. This creates a sense of commitment for all the employees that they are undergoing change and it is therefore real and it creates a new culture.3.5 Accelerate the pace.Maxis helped everyone see the increased competition and the need to differentiate it from all the other firms. Maxis understand the likely outcome if you dont make the changes. They know that it will be fine to be uncomfortable with change but that the superior in business will always be the one who most effectively adapts to the new environment.3.6 Collaboration with other organizationsAccording to Mobilecomms-technology.com, Maxis realized that the success of any 3G network relies on the availability of 3G handsets in the market place. A vocalise venture between Sony and Ericsson has been contracted by Maxis to provide three hundred,000 3G enabled handsets in a contract worth RM20 million for the period 2004-05. Maxis also intend to continue its close relationship with both Motorola and Siemens, and 3G handsets from these companies will also be available.Maxis also collaborated with Astro, especially in streaming live telecasts. Taken from the same term Maxis mobile subscribers are also set to get video streaming services before the 3G network goes live, as Astro are to provide program clips, running at 64kbps and 24 frames per second, to the existing Maxis 2G GPRS Network. In addition, Motorola is installing its new push-to-talk over cellular service on the Maxis 2G network that will spare a single subscriber to connect with one or umpteen users at one time via the single push of a exit on their handset (this should see most use in the corporate market place for the easy arrangement of conference cal ls).3.7 Continuously reinvent yourselfHigh-performing organizations seek to involve and engage employees by devolving authority to lower levels of the organization. Employees are more likely to support changes when they have the necessary amount of authority and flexibilityalong with commensurate accountability and incentivesto advance the agencys goals and improve performance. Allowing employees to recreate their expertise and savvy to bear in meeting their responsibilities can help agencies capitalize on their employees talents, leading to more effective and efficient operations and improved customer service.To continue usage of video streaming and video calls, Maxis has lowered the cost of 3G network charge toward their customer to increase the usage of it. The excerpt flak was taken from the article Maxis lowers cost of 3G adoption published on lordly 7, 2006.We are seeing a healthy uptake on 3G services with people coming on board at an incremental increase of 30% every mon th. We believe free video calling will further accelerate 3G adoption in Malaysia, give tongue to Maxis Head of Products and invigorated Businesses, Dr. Nikolai Dobberstein.At the of end July, Maxis has 256,000 customers with 3G mobile phones in its base, of which 150,000 are active 3G users. By removing the cost barrier, Maxis hopes to drive up usage among 3G handset owners in its base and counter the prevalent notion of 3G being expensive. With Maxis continual low set strategy, we are turning that around and proving that Maxis 3G is as affordable as 2G, state Dobberstein.4.0 Comments and SuggestionsThe success of the change implementation was due to the fact that it was an initiative from top management and it was clearly seen that the shift is urgent with the competitors in the market coming up with new invention. (It is an internal change and the change agent is the top management). This was congruent with one of the Organanizational Development principle, which stated that t he Change Management should separate from the top. According to Rothwell et al (2010), Organizational Development works best when it is back up by top managers. This is because top managers are traditionally the chief major power brokers and change agents in the organization they often control an organizations resources and reward system.The expertise of the staff was recognized and their ideas were discussed during meetings therefore capitalizing on their talents will enhance the operations and allow a smooth revolution of change.The staffs were committed to change and they were certain that there is pressure from the environment and Maxis have to differentiate from other firms and the change was necessary and the change is directed to positive results so there was no resistance to change. There is a need for change that was understood by employees. The management also has created the awareness of change. Change is inevitable, and this message was disseminated throughout the or ganization. This ensure low level of resistance to change.The collaboration with Sony, Ericson, Motorola and Astro has strengthen the change as companies supporting each other in terms of sharing of network, video streaming has led to a win -win situation in the corporate market.However, the change process in Maxis was a success but the future has yet to be seen in this era of companies coming up with new intervention and innovation to have the competitive advantage but the war is not over yet for Maxis as further strategies to combat the competitions need to be planned ahead of time so as to meet the demands of the future market in the era of globalization.The group view that other strategies such as new design and more practical models whitethorn be able to penetrate the market apart from technology which is the main area of competitiveness as customers of today do not only value the update of technology but the design has cosmetic value and it influence the user in the trendy wor ld of today.5.0 ConclusionThe telecommunication industry felt it was not practical and risky to launch 3G network in the market because it final result is quite unpredictable. It could be said that the industry as well as stakeholders still felt atheistical even though the pilot plant was considered a success. However afterward the implementation, Maxis has proved that it had been successful in term of change management.This was proved by statistics from The Mobile World that noted Maxis ended Q1 06 with some 8.2 million customers large(p) them a market share of 42.5%. The country has a population penetration rate of 80%. Even though this could be directly linked to 3G, but it is not to be denied that 3G contributed a major part in the increase of market share.This notion was strengthen by the fact that Maxis has the most extensive integrated 3G network coverage in all major cities in the country. The Klang Valley, Penang, Johor Bahru, Kuantan, Alor Setar, Kota Kinabalu, Kuching and other cities are now with 3G connectivity.Today, Maxis have over 300 buildings with Maxis 3G/2G transmitters, and also over 350 Maxis Utopia and Airzd WLAN hotspots.After the tremendous success in Malaysia, Maxis planned to penetrate 3G in Indonesia (end of year 2006) using the same change management plan. Thus, the well planned change can bring the expected result in the end. The change plan is very important to make a company to be market leader or sustain in the market.

Regular Attendance In All Classes Education Essay

Regular attending In All Classes information EssayRegular attendance in tout ensemble gradationes at school or university is essential to improving schoolman achievement.Questions of individual(prenominal) development of learners and the formation of their readiness for early maestro activities ar keys to the theory and execute of improving the work of modern principle method institutions.This is because the initial phase of assimilation with job perplexs just during accomplishment, as well as the surgical operation of self-determination of a raw man in dash he forms his life and philosophical positions, develop individualized methods of work, behavior and communication.In this case one of the leading problems is to build such a ashes in statemental institutions that will be optimal for not provided personal development of scholarly persons, but wish wellwise their captain development as specialists, their readiness to work.Consequently, more than urgen t becomes the problem of identifying the relationship and interdependence of 2 processes the personal and professional development of schoolchild and the process of studying.Thats why it is undeniable to determine how the learning process and attendance of college or university affect personal characteristics of students their professionalism, willingness to work, depth of knowledge, and a total success in the next profession. program line is part of the process of personality formation.Through this process, society transmits knowledge, skills from one person to m each other.During studying the student is not just given, but also imposes certain points of stare, opinions, social and cultural values.The learning process is aimed at the culture of the individual, but close to clock dates it interferes with the true lodge ins of the student. For example, some students prefer the process of self-cultivation and not attending schools or university, but rather choose learning by correspondence or distance learning.But here the top dog arises how effective is that education? Also, some students do not attend university or college because it is a waste of time for them.However, in the succeeding(a), these students will endure to work, and their professional knowledge and skills are in capitulum.Consequently, there is a fundamental question how attendance of the university or college affects the professionalism and success in the future work of the student?Full-time education and slightons attendance in the learning processThe traditional form of education is the internal form, when students should strictly attend categoryes, lectures and seminars.Most students conduct to choose this form of education despite the punishingies of economic nature during 5 divisions students will not be able to work dear time, and will take to institutionalize most of the time to studying.In this melodic theme we consider the greatness of such form of education for students, and in position proposition the importance of attendance of yeares for their future professional activities.The principal(prenominal) purpose of regular education, when students attend tieres, is that the learning process should give students a certain governance of knowledge, should work out a certain style of thinking, should give entrust of progressive efforts to obtain and use the knowledge. This type of education is the most widely used today and is based on obtaining the knowledge and skills under the intent the study of new material consolidation of the material learnt monitoring of results and their evaluation.The main characteristics of regular education is that first, that get winders give students their knowledge, experience and skills secondly, teachers not but ply students with the undeniable stock of knowledge, but also instruct them on mixed options of life and job situations.This suggests that classes in schools and universities not o nly provide students with all the necessary information, but also give the social aspects of educating young people.The to a higher place conditions are complementary, and give students all-round development.Based on this, the most popular infixation of full-time education, we should pay attention to some specific features of traditional schooling.There is a joke that has a deep sense Education is what remains with a person after he for originates e actuallything he was taught.Indeed, over overmuch of the information people get is normally forgotten after some time, but self-educational and social aspects of learning remain. On this basis, it would be logical to assume, that unneurotic with the giving a certain amount of facts and algorithms, the most important chore movement of education is the development of intellectual capacities of students.From a classroom management bandstand, there are many logistical reasons to require attendance. Group projects are very negativel y affected when a group member does not present up for labs. Class morale is lowered when students show up modern and take a crap no clue of the topic being discussed. Students claiming that coming to class is unnecessary to get just grades influence other students, even if they do benefit from attending class. (Clump et al. 2003)However, class expedience is a tributary issue, compared to either instructors responsibility to teach her course as effectively as possible. learnedness is a joint and wonderful journey between each student, her peers and her instructors. Although the knowledge domain of academia is rapidly changing with an ever increasing distance- learning component, the repair reading of a textbook (or watching of a screen) cannot be compared in richness and effectiveness of a classroom experience.To fully present the importance of full-time education and lessons attendance, it is necessary to give characteristics of students that prefer full-time education and attend lessons. Who is now a regular full-time student?This is unremarkably a young man who understands that for serious work you must have higher education.He deliberately chooses a full-time education, wishing to devote five or six years of his life learning, mastering the profession.He believes that the acquired knowledge will help to find work in his soul, to turn over a worthy place in life, to grow in the profession and to ensure an acceptable quality of life for themselves and their future family.Many look for and experiments nigh the regular attendance show that students who attend classes achieve purify results in education. For example Clump et al. (2003) studied the effect of attending class in a course in General Psychology,comparing the performance of students who were present on days were given with those who were not present. They conclude that attending class is one of the best things students can do with regards to their grades. This is the case for two the agile future and for the entire course. (Clump et al. 2003)Of cource not all studies find a remarkable correlation between attendance and academic performance of students, but hitherto the demonstrate is very clear.The advantages of full-time education and importance of attending classesThe advantages of full-time education and attending classes are the following1.It is an opportunity for direct communication with the teachers, because the personal factor plays a huge role in any work, and especially in education as from teachers lectures students can learn much more than from a textbook or the Internet.2.Full-time students have time to visit libraries, conferences, and that, of course, deepens the theoretical knowledge, which is a necessary for professional competency.3.Full-time students have more opportunities to realize themselves in the faculty and the institutes activities, that is to participate in the lax life of the university.This is of great importance for students, because it is the experience of public speeches, reports and other types of professional activity, which is important for their future career.4.A graduate degree of full-time education has traditionally higher value than any other form of education.The employer understands that the student who has devoted five years of his life to studying the profession, has not only acquired a vast knowledge, but also learned how to produce his receive labor.Unfortunately, attendance policy has some shortcomings, especially they are important in our times, when grants are small, and the opportunity to work for students is excluded because of lack of time. Of course, full-time education provides fewer opportunities for part-time job, as classes at the institute, as a rule, take time from nine oclock in the morning to five oclock in the evening daily, except weekends. So when some students are forced to look for jobs, they have less time for good studying, regular visits of lectures, seminars and libraries.Unfortunately, apart from a real swear to acquire knowledge and mastery of good profession, sometimes student come to high school for very different reasons, for example when parents make them to do this.These students often failed to see an independent life after graduation, and do not understand why they accept certain knowledge, what they want in the future profession.This leads to infantile attitude to educational process, focus on formal retrospect from some students and the desire to just get a good grade, or slip from others.Some of the criticism for implementing an attendance policy is that it assumes that students cannot prove what is good for them, and that they, not the instructor should decide if they should attend a particular class on a particular day. To make a rational ending to attend or neglect class, a student must judge the value of each of these two options. But, it is in the human nature that immediate necessities are preferred over long-term ad vantages (Kahn et al., 2004). To assume that a young person can appreciate the long-term value of education is a weighty assumption.In all cases, any decision seems rational from the viewpoint of the person taking it. In the case of class attendance, students may skip class for reasons that have nothing to do with bettering their learning. If the student is viewed simply as the instructors customer, then any student decision is, by definition, right. The same counselling that the instructor chose not to stop by the coffee shop and get his coffee before coming to class, the student chose to skip it. In both cases, it is a students decision.Of course, the situation is changing in senior courses, when student usually already have a professional interest, and begin to think about future employment.Often, students find a job during university studies mainly in aim to try out their future profession, to acquire the necessary experience and further their employment after high school.In addition, many students do not understand the importance of learning each subject from the original sources. nurture obtained from the Internet can not replace the material of textbooks, which contain the authors view on the events and phenomena, that present information in a discussion manner and encourage students to think independently.The role of books in education is still difficult to overestimate.In any profession there can be more than one specialization.The system of production practices will help students understand what exactly he wants to do, and simultaneously check the correctness of the chosen profession.In addition, students need to know and use the opportunity to obtain additional specializations in learning. For example, at the faculty of Management there is an opportunity to learn specialization external management to learn further several world management practices and so on.This will allow students to have a broader look at their future profession, but also imp rove the chances of finding employment.Starting from the second year all students write and defend courseworks.At the upper classes students have the opportunity to choose the theme of course work with the expectation of a particular use. For example, a fourth-year students of faculty of State and municipal management have course works tasks to produce a business intention. It is a well-kn confess fact that a business plan is a required scroll for many firms, so the skills of making a good business plan are essential for every professional manager in future. closing curtain and my attitude to the topicThis paper shows that there is enough and consistent evidence to conclude that student attendance is important for getting good knowledge, skills, it improves student academic performance and professional characteristics.Generally the system of full-time education and classes attendance is based on the following principle it is assumed that the student consciously choose future prof ession and ready to work on the acquiring necessary knowledge and skills, thus, responsibility for the outcome of the learning process rests largely on the student, as it is assumed that he has an active interest in this.I fully agree about the importance of full-time education. Im sure that college or university attendance gives students plenty of opportunities to get knowledge, skills that are necessary for future profession. Such students have far more opportunities not only to get information relevant to the future job, but to develop their own skills and talents.Also full-time education provide students with opportunities to try themselves in future profession, to acquire the necessary experience and facilitate their employment after high school or university.For example many technical colleges have pragmatic lessons in specialized enterprises, engaged in training students of relevant specialties indoors their walls.Some subjects students learn not at their desks and not in t he teaching laboratories, but directly in the factories, where they can observe the work of strange equipment and try their skills. Similar processes take place in the humanities courses, when during the practice students work in advertising agencies, public opinion research centers, labor exchanges.The conclusion may be that the main objective of any education, whether secondary or higher education is to teach people to think independently, to teach students the chosen subjects and professions.But achieving such a goal is impossible to compute without the activity of students interested in the results of their training.In conclusion I would like to note that the choice of full-time education is a major tint for the future of the student and his family.It is difficult, but the most productive and promising way of acquiring a profession.More and more young people directly understand that lessons attendance opens new opportunities for self-realization, finding good job, moving up the social ladder, providing a decent standard of living.

Skew Detection of Devanagari Script Using Pixels

reorientededed Detection of Devanagari deal Using Pixels reorienteded Detection of Devanagari Script Using Pixels of Axes-Parallel Rectangle and Linear retroflectionTrupti A. JundaleRavindra S. HegadiAbstractskew contracting and study of hand indite selective information is one of the difficult tasks in pattern recognition atomic number 18a. Here we illustrate the rule for reoriented spotting and castigation of Devanagari written script. The proposed approach exits for single reorient. The enter images for this investigate be collected from various writers and contain single/ coherent skew interchanges/ parameter of productss. The proposed approach uses tangential pixels of axes parallel rectangle and elongated fixing method acting to calculate the skew of sacred scripture/ groove. Finally whirling trans beation is use for chastisement of skew of word/ confines which is figure by bi reportar regression. This technique achieves 89% accuracy to correct s kew of word and achieves 93% accuracy to correct skew of form for handwritten Devanagari script.Index legal injuryPreprocessing, Axes-parallel rectangle, Linear Regression, skew espial, Skew subject areaI. IntroductionThe frequency of digital schoolbook file extends to develop at a brisk rate in spite of the usage of paper based inventorys. As a consequence, the regaining of paper muniments to its electronic version and its consequent image processing and reason have been converted into a vital application area in computer slew and pattern recognition researches. With recent emergence and far-flung application of multimedia technologies, there is an increasing demand to create a paperless environment, hence, memorandum image processing in general and Optical computer address Recognition (OCR) in particular is playing an important role in transformation of the traditional paper based environment to truly paperless electronic environment3.Devanagari is one of the import antly employ and espouses writing system in the world. The theme/ authorized language of India (Hindi) and Nepal (Nepali) uses Devanagari Script. Many other languages like Marathi (state language of Maharashtra), Sanskrit, Kashmiri, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Bodo, Dogri etcetera comes under Devanagari Script. As Indias national language uses Devanagari script, lot of official data is in written format before the era of digitization. So in the todays world of digitization, it is needed to keep bear witness of handwritten/printed data in digital form. To pull in this, Optical use Recognition (OCR) system is carried out. The perception and correction of skew is one of the inwrought steps in any character recognition or document processing system. Because of the writing genre of the Devanagari script, it is difficult to detect skew as compared to any other script. The writing style of every person whitethorn vary so there is presence of multiple skew in data. Skew is the angle which d iverges from x-axis. The successful skew maculation and correction turns close process like analysis of character or OCR to be accurate. The document may contain three type of skew single/uniform skew, multiple skew and non-uniform skew. Single/uniform skew is, when all text pull backs in a document have same orientation. Multiple skew is, when some text lines have diametrical orientation than other and non-uniform skew is, when orientation changes within a line. There is lot of research unattached for skew detection of s female genitalsned document image but less work is available for skew detection of text/word.II. Devanagari scriptOne of the main parts of Brahmic family is a Devanagari Script, which is belonging from Indo-Aryan languages. It is written from left to right. contradictory Latin script, concept of upper/lower case is absent in Devanagari script. It consists of 33 consonants and 14 vowels. Generally every word written in most of the Devanagari Script pull up st akes have a header line on group of characters, called as Shirorekha and this is considered as one word 7. Vowels that can be written as separate characters or by exploitation diacritic marks on below, upper, before or after consonants are called modifiers. In Devanagari script, two or three consonants can be written as a single character, which is known as compound character. Fig.1 shows different features of Devanagari script.Fig. 1. Devanagari Script WordThe main characters of word are written in middle zone. Upper zone and lower zone are for modifiers and Shirorekha is careworn at header line. In Fig.1 two characters are combined to form a new shape of single character known as compound character.III. Related WorkIn the literature, algorithmic rules that estimate the angle at which a text/document image is turf outd are surveyed. The openhanded descriptores of technique are identified, which include methods that calculate skew from Hough transform, horizontal prominence p rofile, Fourier transform, nearest-neighbour or principal component analysis. The basic method used by each class of technique is presented and the contributions of individual algorithms within each class are discussed.Hough Transform One of the best feature inception technique used in digital image processing and computer vision is Hough Transform. It is mainly used for detection of regular curves such as lines, ellipses, circles etc. The simplest case of Hough transform is the linear transform for detecting bully lines. The line in the image space is just a single register in the parameter space. 1 uses Hough transform method for detection of document skew. A novel skew correction algorithm is proposed focusing on leap line that optimizes speed and accuracy by using Hough transform to gear up the skew corrected licences plate images in 2.Fourier Transform In this method first 2-D Fourier transform impart be applied to the image plane. Then, coefficients of the originator sp ectrum are calculated and stored in a spectrum. A orderional banner for each angle is then calculated. The angle that maximizes the directional criterion is anticipate to give the skew angle of the image.Projection indite Projection Profile can be a horizontal project profile or vertical bulge profile. The horizontal/vertical projection profile is a histogram of the number of black pixels along horizontal/vertical scan lines. In projection profiles, histogram is created at each possible angle and a embody function is applied to this histogram. The skew angle is the angle at which this equal function is maximized. Mostly horizontal projection profile method is used for scanned document skew detection. 6 exploits the unique property of the writing line of Arabic script and is based on connected component analysis and projection profiles. Skew detection of fabric images scheme based on geomorphologic method and projection profile analysis is proposed in 8.Nearest inhabit In Ne arest Neighbour method histogram of the direction angle is computed. 5 uses a Focused Nearest Neighbour Clustering (FNNC) of interest points and the analysis of paragraphs/lines. bondage with a largest possible number of nearest neighbour pairs are selected and their tilts are computed to give the skew angle of document image.Other than these techniques, one-step skew and orientation detection method using a well-established geometric text-line case is used in 11. The advantage of this method is that it combines accurate skew theme with robust, resolution-independent orientation detection. 12 proposed a Rectangular Active Contour Model (RAC Model) for bailiwick region detection and skew angle calculation by high-minded a rectangular shape constraint on the nil-level set in Chain-Vese Model (C-V Model) according to the rectangular feature of content regions in document images. B. V. Dhandra et.al, 13 uses image distension and region labelling approach for double star document skew detection. Apart from this, fast and robust skew estimation techniques like a bilinear filtering model which is used to detect edges existing in the document, roll (Centre of Gravity) method are used in the literature.IV. Proposed MethodologyThis section illustrates the proposed methodological analysis for skew detection and correction. Section A describes pre-processing step. Section B describes extraction of axes parallel rectangle pixels. Skew detection using linear regression is expound in C. Section D describes skew correction technique and coating section E describes steps of proposed algorithm.A. Pre-processingThe input to the system is a word or a line of single/uniform skew of handwritten Devanagari script which is scanned by optical scanner or captured by digital camera. Acquired input is pre-processed for removing noise. Firstly input image is converted into gray outgo image and then thresholding is applied over for converting given image into binary program im age containing only black and white pixels. In this binarized image, white pixels diddle background and black pixels represent foreground.B. Axes-Parallel RectangleThis stage calculates the area of axes-parallel rectangle. The angle with the to the lowest degree area of the axes-parallel rectangle represents the skew angle. Outer tangential pixels of an input word/line are used to form an axes-parallel rectangle. Figure 2 shows tangential pixels of skewed one are embedded into an axes-parallel rectangle.Fig. 2 (a) Skewed rectangle suitted in an Axes-parallel rectangle (b) Rectangle with zero skew.C. Skew DetectionAfter inviteting required pixels using axes-parallel rectangle, linear regression formula is used to detect skew of word/line. Regression analysis can be used to identify the line or curve which provides the best fit through a set of data points. Linear regression analyzes the relation between two variables, X and Y. The variables X and Y are known and the problem is t o fit best straight line through X and Y. In general, the goal of linear regression is to harness the line that best predicts Y from X. Linear regression does this by finding the line that minimizes the sum of the squares of the vertical distances of the points from line. Linear regression does non test whether the data are linear. It assumes that the data is linear, and finds the tip and tease that make a straight line best fit the given data. The goal of linear regression is to adjust the values of heel over and intercept to find the line that best predicts Y from X.Fig. 3 (a) Plot of data without best-fit line (b) Plot of data with best-fit line.This is the simple linear regression model where 0 and 1 are unknown constants and is the residual error. To fit the regression line in the comparison of the data (x1, y1), (x2, y2),..,(xn, yn) by finding best rival between the line and the data. The best choice of 0+1 will be chosen to minimize,This is called the least square fi t. The equation (2) implies After detailed algebra, getwhere and (4) compare (3) gives slope of the regression line and comparability (4) gives the intercept. The slope of the line is nothing but the skew angle of our word/line. Fig.4 shows the slope and intercept of a best fit line.Fig. 4 Slope and intercept of a best fit lineAfter calculating slope using linear regression, skew is calculated using the formula,This gives the required skew of word.D. Skew CorrectionAfter the skew angle of the word/line has been detected, the word/line must be rotated in order to correct this skew. Various methods used for skew correction are direct method, indirect method and contour-oriented method etc. The direct method uses rotation transformation in which corresponding pixels in the input image will be transformed to new location by using equation (1) (5)Where (x, y) are the co-ordinates of pixels belonging to the word for which skew has to be detected and (x, y) are the co-ordinates of pix els belonging to the word after correction. For a pixel (x, y) in the output image, the indirect method finds corresponding pixel in the input image and assigns a value of (x, y) to (x, y) using Equation (2). (6)We apply direct method for skew correction which simply rotate calculated skew angle to horizontal angle. The detected angle by linear regression is corrected by applying rotation transformation. The word/line is rotated with angle. The word/line is corrected by rotating at substantiating angle if the skew detection angle is negative and corrected by rotating at negative angle if skew detection angle is positive.E. algorithmic ruleStep 1 Accept the input image which may be word or line.Step 2 Convert the given input into binary by using thresholding method.Step 3 Calculate the axes-parallel rectangle of binary image by finding minimum row and minimum tower pixels.Step 4 Apply linear regression, Equation (3), to detect the skew of axes-parallel rectangle, which is the skew of original word/line.Step 5 Using Equation (6), correct the skew angle of word/line.V. Experimental ResultWe tried and true our algorithm for input images of handwritten document for Hindi and Marathi languages. The algorithm is tried on 500 words and ccc lines of Devanagari script. The accuracy rate for skew correction of word is 89% and accuracy rate for uniform skew correction of line is 93%.Mostly the word with single character or small size length does not give accurate result because of the lack of a sufficient number of minima points. Table I shows the ideal results of words with skew detection of positive and negative angle and skew correction of all these.Results of word skewFigure 5 shows skew detection and correction of uniform skew line. We tested our algorithm for document with single/uniform skew and for skewed printed document also. For these kinds of input images, algorithm runs successfully.VI. ConclusionWe have proposed a methodology for skew detection and cor rection of word and line of handwritten Devanagari script. The slope of best line fit using linear regression algorithm is used for skew detection and it is corrected by simply rotating word/line by calculated angle. This method is tested on handwritten data of Hindi and Marathi language. The word dataset is collected from various writers for testing purpose which contains 500 words and 300 lines. The proposed approach can be modified for future work to get higher accuracy and for detection of documents contain multiple or non-uniform skew text.Fig. 5 (a) Skewed line (b) Axes-parallel rectangle of skewed line (c) Skew correction of lineVII. ReferencesDeepak Kumar, Dalwinder Singh, Modified approach of Hough transform for skew detection and correction in documented images, multinational diary of Research in data processor Science, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 37-40, April 2012.Arulmozhi K., Perumal S. A., Priyadarshini C.S.T., Nallaperumal K., Image refinement using skew angle detection a nd correction for Indian licences plates, Computational Intelligence Computing Research (ICCIC), IEEE, pp. 1-4, Dec. 2012.B.V.Dhandra, H.Mallikarjun, Ravindra Hegadi, V.S.Malemath, Word-wise Script Identification from Bilingual Documents Based on Morphological Reconstruction, optical Information Engineering, IEEE, pp 389-395, 2006.Kleber, Florian, Markus Diem, Robert Sablatnig, Robust Skew Estimation of Handwritten and Printed Documents Based on Grayvalue Images, International collection on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 3020 3025, Aug. 2014.Ahmad Irfan, A technique for Skew Detection of Printed Arabic Documents, Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGIV), IEEE, pp. 62-67, Aug. 2013.Trupti A. Jundale, Ravindra S. Hegadi, Skew Detection and Correction of Devanagari Script Using Hough Transform, International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications, Procedia of Computer Science, Journal of Elsevier, March2015, in press.Liu, Zhoufeng, Jie Huang, Chu nlei Li, Skew detection of fabric images based on edge detection and projection profile analysis, Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Vol. 122, pp 483-488, 2012.H. K. Kwag, S. H. Kim, S. H. Jeony and G. S. Lee, Efficient skew estimation and correction algorithm for document images, Image and vision Computing, Vol. 20, pp. 25-35, Jan. 2002.van Beusekom, Joost, Faisal Shafait, and Thomas M. Breuel, unite orientation and skew detection using geometric text-line modeling, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR), Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp 79-92, June 2010.Fan, Huijie, Linlin Zhu, and Yandong Tang, Skew detection in document images based on rectangular active contour, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR), Vol. 13.4, pp 261-269, Dec. 2010.B. V. Dhandra, V. S. Malemath, H. Mallikarjun and R. Hegadi, Skew detection in binary image documents based on image dilation and region labelling approach International Confe rence on Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Vol. 2. pp 954-957, 2006.

Analysis of German Film Run Lola Run Essay -- Movie Film Style Run Lol

Analysis of German Film dribble Lola Run Run Lola Run, is a German film ab disclose a twenty-something fair sex (Lola) who has 20 minutes to find $100,000 or her love (Manni) will be killed. The search for the money is played through once with a dim ending and one would think the movie was over but and then it is shown again as if it had happened ten seconds later and changed everything. It is then played out one last time. After the first and second sequence, there is a red hued, narrative duo. There are several purposes of those bridges that guess the movie as a whole. The film Run Lola Run posterior be analyzed by using the four elements of mise-en outlook. Mise-en-scene refers to the aspects of film that lap with the art of the theater. Mise-en-scene pertains to setting, lighting, costume, and acting style. For the purpose of this paper, I plan on comparison the setting, costume, lighting, and acting style in the first red hued, bridge to that of the robbery s cene. Through this analysis, I plan to prove that the purpose of the narrative bridge in the film was not only to provide a continue from the first sequence to the second, but also to show a antithetic side of personality within the main characters. The first element of mise-en scene to be discussed is setting. In general this is a very simple comparison. In the red hued scenes, Lola and Manni are in a private place that appears to be a bedroom. The only thing shown in the scene is them lying on a bed. As far as ...

Pain and Panic: The Demons behind Biological Fear :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Pain and Panic The Demons behind Biological FearA variety of terms are used to describe fear. The Bible uses lyric like fear, afraid, terror, dread, anxious, tremble, shake, and quake over 850 times to portray this core military personnel emotion. Healthcare professionals use terms like fear, anxiety, panic attack, and phobia to light the spectrum of our fears. (2) Our emotions are said to be the just about subjective of all our biological components. It hearms that we have a difficult time grasping them, and an even to a greater extent difficult time controlling them. Fear seems to be one of the most challenging of our human emotions when it comes to trying to subdue it ourselves. When we see a offensive bug, or are caught off guard by an extremely earsplitting noise, we jump before even thinking about it. It seems like a normal reaction, and then after the initial surprise we can contain ourselves that we are still alive, everything is fine. But what about people who have abnormal reactions to fears? People who develop a phobia that is non so open to subdue?These questions can be partly answered by looking at what happens in the brain when we are afraid. In an experience of danger the amygdale, a small part of the brain located behind both ears, is alerted. In response to the frightening stimulus, the amygdale sends signals to the circulatory system. Blood pressure goes up, heart valuate speeds up, and muscles tense. Doesnt this response sound a lot like what we can see on the Discovery Channel? When a lion attacks, we can at a time see the antelope go into defense mode. So basically, our initial reaction to fears is no different than the basic minds of animals, an evolutionary response. (1) But waitanimals do not, or CAN not get afraid of the same things that humans can. And I am fairly certain an antelope cannot be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Animals, for instance, do not live in fear that they might fail a test, or lose their job. Th ese fears that humans develop that are not simply instinct reactions deal with another part of the brain, the cortex. Humans can use cognitive reasoning to assess whether or not we should feel afraid. Charles Darwin posed the question, Does the reaction to fear precede the thought? (3) The answer is yes. In studies, it has been shown that pathways from the cortex to the amygdale are weaker than those that lead from the amygdale to the cortex.

Apocalypse Now, by F.F. Coppola :: essays research papers

Throughout the film "Apocalypse Now " by F.F. Coppola, thither is a parallel surrounded by the Indian wars and the Vietnamese war. We muckle differentiate the Vietnamese with the Indians and the Ameri contribute soldiers with the cowboys.In the beginning, it is the triumph of the Cowboys, that is to say, the triumph of US soldiers. Colonel Kilgores US Cavalry arrives in helicopters, playing Wagners Ride of the Walkyries. A lot of elements demo their superiority the number of soldiers, their military power and the music, all of which t repeal to show up that Kilgores men be sure of themselves.Then, from the show scene onwards, the US piecemeal loses its superiority. In this scene there is a real opposition between Cowboys and Indians (several girls wear Indian clothes and cowboy clothes). From this moment, US civilization declines the soldiers hold out wild when they see the girls, so much so that the girls have to escape. In fact, this scene emphasizes their cruelty, their violent behavior. Moreover, even if the show is organized for the US soldiers, the Vietnamese are present too, but behind a fencing.At the end of the film, the US civilization is replaced by the Vietnamese civilization. We jakes see in the arrow scene that the boat master is killed by a dig and not by a firearm, this shows us that even with a spear, we can be killed. In Kurtzs village, we can see that even the photojournalist has turned Indian because he wears war paint on his face. What is striking is that Willard tries to understand the Vietnamese and finally admires them, this in particular shows the decline of US civilization. So we can conclude that the Vietnamese civilization (that is to say Indians) replace the US. As we can see in the village scene, before the helicopter attack, there is an zephyr of calm, of peacefulness and harmony until the US soldiers arrive. As before long as the Americans are present, all is destroyed, exterminated and chaos, destruction, di sorder prevail after the attack. This film insists on the fact that it is the Americans who are the barbarians. F.F Coppola used the comparison with the Cowboys and the Indians to make us nominate that the Americans are the conquerors of the world because they always want power and the territory of the weakest nations.At first sight, the two main characters appear completely different, but we soon realize that their lives are very linked.

VoIP: A New Frontier for Security and Vulnerabilities Essay -- essays

VoIP A crude Frontier for Security and VulnerabilitiesIntroduction to articulatio over IP technologyThe promise of extremely cheap mobilise function, utilizing the meshwork to behave voice, has do voice over IP an attractive and profitable idea. Vonage (http//www.vonage.com/) and other service providers entice consumers by charging a flat, monthly rate for unlimited keen-sighted distance in the U.S. and Canada the rate is often less than it would cost for a regular phone line without any long distance charges. An entity with an broad call volume, such as a worldwide retail corporation, could pull ahead from tremendous cost savings by transitioning all of its telephony networks to VoIP.Voice over IP uses a server to connect all telephones in a local area network and act as a gateway for VoIP packets traveling to and from the Internet. Consumers with broadband internet connections can purchase VoIP handsets or routers with an RJ-11 jack to connect regular telephones. Busine sses must implement a VoIP lotion server to handle corporate telephone use, much like ring mail servers are utilise to manage email. The Internet Protocol Private kickoff eXchange (IP PBX) is telephone equipment used by private companies, rather than telephone service providers, for the management of VoIP calls placed on the data network. When considering VoIP, organizations should focus on necessary quality of service (QoS) requirements, the cost to implement, and a number of credential precautions needed to protect the network (Mullins, 2005).ProtocolsThe two most common protocols primeval to VoIP are Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and H.323. Both also trust on a number of other protocols, such as DNS and ENUM, in order to locate and navigate to other hosts on the Internet.SIP low gear uses either TCP or UDP to signal a host on port 5060 then the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is used to transmit an audio stream over UDP ports 16384 through 32767 (Mullins, 2005). It is a broader specification, generally used to connect network devices to servers or other kinds of control equipment. SIP supports substance abuser authentication and the transmission of any type of media, including audio, video, and messaging.On the other hand, H.323 is a bit more complex, deri... ....org/columns/futuretense/2005/03/08.shtml.Hall, M. (2005, inch 21). SIP tips VoIP into secure. Computerworld. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the humans enormous Web http//www.computerworld.com/printthis/2005/0,4814,100497,00.htmlKorzeniowski, P. (2005, February 16). Why VoIP is raising new security measures concerns. IT Managers Journal. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web http//software.itmanagersjournal.com/print.pl?sid=05/02/11/0028208.McArdle, D. (2005, February 18). Group tackles VoIP security fears. ElectricNews.Net. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web http//www.enn.ie/print.html?code=9589191.Mullins, M. (2005, November 3). Doing the VoIP security g roundwork. CNETAsia. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web http//asia.cnet.com.Rendon, J. (2004, December 8). The security risks of VoIP. CIO News. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web http//searchcio.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid19_gci1032194,00.html.Sullivan, A. (2005, March 21). Scam artists dial for dollars on Internet phones. Computerworld. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web http//www.computerworld.com/printthis/2005/0,4814,100549,00.html.

Many Views of Melvilles Bartelby The Scrivener Essay -- Melville Bart

All literary works are written from a specific standpoint. This standpoint originates from the mind of the author. The author, when creating his literary work, has a specific draw/plan and vision of what the story is supposed to convey. However, not all readers pass on interpret the literary work in the way that the author him/herself has presented it. many times, in fact, the audience will perceive the literary work as having an entirely different meaning than what it was meant to behave. The short story, Bartelby the Scrivener by Herman Melville, has been reviewed by several different connoisseurs as having several different standpoints. These standpoints include Bartelby as a Psychological Double to the Narrator, an apostle of reason, having biblical ties, and as being Melville himself. A personal standpoint that proves to be different than those that have come before it is to perceive the story, Bartelby the Scrivener, as a story of family. Of all of these views and interp retations of the story Bartelby the Scrivener, none brook be perceived as correct, except by the author. Furthermore, none can be seen as incorrect because literary works, unlike ocular works of art, leave us the option to imagine. In fact, our interpretation of other critics thesis is merely a product of our views on their standpoints. I say that only to justify that we are able to grow our own opinions and form our own thesis just by class period the words on the page. Bartelby as a Psychological DoubleThe critic of this standpoint is Mordecai Marcus. He feels that Bartelby is a paralleled image or a psychological double of the narrator. In his criticism of Bartelby the Scrivener, he writesI conceptualise that the character of Bartelby is a psychological double for the storys nameless lawyer-narrator, and that the storys criticism of a sterile and impersonal society can best be clarified by investigation of this role. - Bartelby appears to be the lawyer chiefly to remind him of the inadequacies, the sterile routine, of his world.(College English, pg. 68) Marcus is trying to say that Bartelby and the narrator have a sort of inter-connection. Not as two ramify entities, tho as two separate personalities residing in one, viewing life from separate standpoints. ... ...s audience, I cannot limit myself to just these theories. Countless other theories can be formed on the actual theme of the story. I truly believe that Melville had those intentions, not only for this story, but also for all the stories that he has written. literary works are meant to be examined and interpreted by the individual rendering it. Authors produce the material. All we are required to do is produce the belief and personal understanding of what has been presented before us. Bibliography1.) College English, Vol. 23, No.5, February, 1962, pp.365&dash682.) Indian journal of American Studies, Vol.4, Nos. 1-2, June and December, 1974. Pp.66-71.3.) Meyer, Michael The Bedford Intro duction to Literature, Library of Congress Catalog Number 98-85194, right of first publication 1999 by Bedford/St. Martin.3.) Reference Guide to in brief Fiction, 1st ed., edited by Noelle Watson, St. James Press, 19944.) Short Stories for Students, Gale Research, 1997Key (as cited in the paper)(IJ of AS) Indian Journal of American Studies(BI to L) The Bedford Introduction to Literature(RG to SF) Reference Guide to Short Fiction(SS for S) Short Stories for Students

Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Jealousy in OthelloShakespe be is well for his ability to compose plays full of deceit, revenge, and jealousy. Othello, angiotensin converting enzyme of Shakespeares most recognized tragedies, was consistently evolving around the central root of jealousy. As these lies are unraveled the central theme of his play became distinct, and clearly visible. moreover the theme of jealousy goes hand in hand with love, as frequently is the case in real life. Love consumes all those who take subprogram in it, and in Othellos case his flaws lie in his loving Desdemona so blindly. It is for that single reason that Iago knows that such a nave man as Othello, who loves his wife so blindly and unrealistically, can be corrupted. Just as Othellos flaws lie within his inability to see past his jealous feelings, so does many of the other characters, no matter what social ranking they are classified in. Even from the well-developed characters, such as Othello, to the lesser figures, such as Roderig o, envy and lust are feelings all of Shakespeares characters are accountable for prop at one time or other in the play. inside each of the characters in Othello is a level of jealousy, which Iago creates by testing their compact points for his benefit. In Act 1 scene 1, Shakespeare opens up to his audience a level of jealousy that goes hand in hand with feelings of greed. This is the moment in which Iago expresses his animosity for Othello. Iago is sub... ... Works Cited and Consulted Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York Penguin, 1991. Di Yanni, Robert. Character Revealed Through Dialogue. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p. Random House, 1986. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of nor-east Press, 1993. Shakespeare. Othello. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Ed. Rossi. New York Longman, 1999. 312-379. Shakespeare, Will iam. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

National Socialism Essay -- essays research papers

The rise of topic Socialism in post-WWI Germany is an understandable reaction to the problems of the Versailles Peace conformity, considering the German attitudes and beliefs at the time. These attitudes and beliefs were the result of generations of Prussian militarism, extreme racist nationalism, and, most importantly, the failure of the Treaty of Versailles signed in June of 1919. The rise of the national socialist party, and their extremist National collectivised doctrine appealed directly to these attitudes and beliefs that permeated Germany cabaret after the first World War. Since the sum of Germany in the late 19th century, attitudes of nationalism, Prussian militarism and expansionism saturated German society. As one can clearly see in the writings of the important German historian, Heinrich von Treitschke, war and territorial expansion were seen as being requisite to the preservation and advancement of German society. He states that, War is for an afflicted batch the only remedy Those who preach the nonsense about everlasting slumber do not understand the life of the Aryan race, the Aryans are beforehand all brave. The mobilisation of the people and resources, for the purpose of making war, were believed to be the meat of preservation and advancement of German society. These ultra-nationalistic attitudes and beliefs resulted in widespread German exuberance with the coming of war in 1914. As expressed in a German reinvigoratedspaper, The Post, Another forty years of peace would be a national misfortune for Germany. With the armistice that took effect November 11,1918, the Great War had have it away to an end, four long years after it had begun. The German military auto had lost the war, and with it, hopes of German dominance in European affairs. Utterly defeated, the sensitive German government (the Kaiser had abdicated at the end of the war) had no choice hardly to comply with the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, despite the fact that Germany was allowed no say in the terms of the treaty. As a result of this treaty, Germany was stripped of all her colonial possessions as well as valuable continental territories, most importantly, Alsace-Lorraine, the Saar, and the land Corridor. Her armed forces were restricted to 100,000 men, and restricted from occupying the Rhineland. Furthermore, Germany was held responsible for the war and therefore had to render reparations for all d... ...ism is determined to make that authoritarianism absolute, all-surpassing, consolidating the state as the newly steel-like instrument of power. The German people tolerated these actions because they felt that Hitler and the Nazi party would communicate Germany out of economic ruin and back to the forefront of European affairs. Nazi doctrine of militarism, expansionism, and ultra-nationalism appealed to the attitudes and beliefs inherent in the conscience of the German people at the time.The German people felt that with the Nazi s in control they could overcome the problems caused by the Treaty of Versailles. Nazi militarism would restore the armed forces to their greatest capability. Nazi mobilization would create employment and new economic opportunities. Nazi expansionism would claim new territories for the German people to inhabit. Nazi racism would rid German society of those elements that weakened it. Nazi ultra-nationalism would restore a sense of identity and reserve in a greater German nation. After great trauma as a result of the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles, a majority of Germans felt at the time that Nazi rule would choose them the most cherished thing of all, hope.

Education in America: Separate and Unequal Essay examples -- Still Sep

The greatest country in the world still has problems every bit distributing education to its youth. The articles I have read for this unit have a common theme regarding our education system. The authors illustrate to the reader about the struggles in America concerning how we obtain and education. Oppression, politics, racism, and socioeconomic status argon a some examples of what is wrong with our country and its means of delivering a fair education to only Americans. Doctor Benjamin barbers article The Educated pupil Global Citizen or Global Consumer? discusses how the schools are being attacked by denote campaigns. Barber talks about the poor school districts being targeted by a company called Channel One. Channel One provides these less flushed schools with computers, televisions, and other technology. In return the schools have to show the students a xii minute video that contains three minutes of advertising. In my opinion, this means were traffic out our textbooks for fashion and material things. I do not turn over the upper class schools have to deal with the same inequalities as the scorn class schools. Doctor Barbers in xtions in his writings are about educating people about empowering themselves through culture and education. Doctor Barber assumes that 9/11 would empower more people and help piddle a better education system. Doctor Barber stated in the aftermath of 9/11, it was particularly those public-official-citizens. All citizens because in what they do, they are pull to the welfare of their neighbors, their children, to future generations. (Barber 420). I believe that 9/11 has had more negative effects than positive, and education has not profited from the tragedy that occurred more than ten y... ...help make up a persons ability, personality, and means or else than money. I feel the author is attempting to convey that class means everything when it comes to education. Mantsios lists some(prenominal) references and charts that show what the odds would be if you were low, middle, or high class to face a university and what level of education you might obtain. All of these authors have do valid points. They have all provided examples and evidence that America is still unfair, segregated, and provides anisometric opportunities for education. As an American, I think we are still fighting for our freedoms and rights, such as education. ReferencesBarber, Benjamin. The Educated Student Global Citizen or Global Consumer ?. parvenue York, New York Longman,2007. Print.Kozol, Johnathan. Still Separate, Still Unequal. New York, New York Longman,2007. Print.